What is Schizophrenia

Table of Contents Introduction What is Schizophrenia Studies on the Disorder Treatment Options The Success of Treatment Options Conclusion Reference List Introduction Many different psychological disorders that have been discovered in the medical world tend to afflict human beings thus affecting their day-to-day activities. Psychological disorders come in different ways. At the same time, they are tackled in different ways that can be described as the best in the present-day world of medicine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What is Schizophrenia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some psychological disorders can be described as acquired while some can be described as genetic depending on their manifestation in the human beings. The treatment and management of these disorders also vary, with some of the disorders being treatable and eliminated completely while some can only be controlled but not elimi nated. Different approaches are employed when dealing with psychological disorders. In fact, although different people can be diagnosed with the same disorder, they will show different signs individually and hence the conclusion that psychological disorders show different indicators that make up a certain disorder when put together. As the study reveals, one such disorder that can be described as complex is schizophrenia because of the different ways it manifests in human being as well as the different forms it afflicts its victims. What is Schizophrenia Schizophrenia as a disease or mental disorder has been in existence for a very long time, as long as humans have existed. Previously, the classification of mental illnesses was so poor that almost all mental illnesses were lumped together without trying to sort them out (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1187). Way back in the year 1911, a Swiss doctor called Eugene Blair coined the name schizophrenia from two Greek words, ‘schizo’, m eaning split, and the word ‘phrene’, meaning mind, and hence the term schizophrenia that means a disconnected mind. The disease comes in different forms by exhibiting different characteristics specific to an individual case. In most cases, an individual would exhibit one or more of the following characteristics, which are pointers to the disease. They include delusions, which are strange and unrealistic beliefs that go on in an individual’s mind in that they tend to see things that other people are not seeing (Lilienfeld et al. 2010). The signs also include hearing of sounds other people cannot hear, and some strange beliefs that something is going to happen to the victims. The mind of the individual makes them have abnormal a feeling about their surrounding environment. They also have hallucinations, which will make them have a reaction of the presence of things that are actually not there. In this case, people will hear voices that are just in their minds, smel l things that are not there, and/or have different tastes from what is expected (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individuals will also exhibit strange behavior when viewed by normal people. The behavior that can be described as uncanny. In some cases, the individuals will have a very unsystematic dialogue in that a mature individual will not be able to make a sensible statement due to his or her mixing of different words. The speech of a mature person in this case can be described as that of a small child who is learning to talk. Some forms of schizophrenia come with disjointed and severely diminished cognitive abilities in that victims lose most of their mental faculties (Lilienfeld et al. 2010). In fact, they cannot therefore do any constructive thing. In some cases, the individual will not be in a position to do anything without being instruc ted on what do and how to do it. In case the victims have taken the initiative to do something, they will omit some steps, which make whatever they are doing appear odd (McGlashan, 1988, p. 516). Signs vary from one individual to the other as well as severity of the condition. Some persons can be described as being in a permanent state of the condition while others will oscillate between being fully normal and suffering from bouts of the disease. Schizophrenia strikes its victims in their late adolescence or in their early stages of adulthood although it is also known to strike anytime of an individual’s lifetime. The real cause of schizophrenia has never been pinpointed to date. However, experts are working on a theory that points it to be a result between biological predispositions, which are genetic in nature and the environment in which one grows up (Daly, 2013, p. 716). This claim is the line of research that researchers are slowly developing with the belief that it will give answers to the question of its origin. Another cause for schizophrenia can be drug abuse. Effects of drug abuse can lead to the impairment of the cognitive functions of the brain in that the victim will start behaving abnormally due to hallucinations and delusions. Pregnancy has also been listed as another cause of schizophrenia, with different elements during a woman’s pregnancy acting as a trigger for the same. Schizophrenia comes in different levels such that some types of schizophrenia can be described as acute while others can be described as mild (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189). People with schizophrenia can have lucid moments in that sometimes they are fully normal with their mental functions being performed in order. However, in some other times, they are very schizophrenic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What is Schizophrenia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies on the Disorder Sci entists have conducted different major studies across the world as they try to find the main causes of schizophrenia as well as solutions to the problem. The biggest challenge that many studies have faced has been the inability to pin point exactly what causes the problem because finding the cause would lead to better solutions to the problem. The manifestation of the disease is what makes it a big challenge to researchers who are trying to find its exact cause. One of the challenges is that schizophrenia has so many different symptoms. In this case, only when they are put together that the person can be rightly diagnosed as suffering from the disease (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Therefore, research in the field of schizophrenia is wide due to the width with which the schizophrenia problem comes. Each research has been narrowed down to a specific problem that the researchers think is the cause or they think might lead them to a solution. Broad Institute of Harvard, the MIT, and the Mass achusetts General Hospital have conducted one of the major studies on schizophrenia under the leadership of Mark Daly. The aim of the study was to find the genetic difference between people suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and other unaffected people. The study involved over 10000 people suffering from schizophrenia, 7000 people suffering from bipolar, and a large number of unaffected people. The study was meant to narrow down genetic differences between the three groups as a way of pin pointing the genetic traits associated with schizophrenia. The study discovered 10 genetic risk factors that are highly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Besides, it also discovered three specific genes that are suspected to be the cause of the two diseases (Daly, 2013, p.730). The study was meant to find a common link between schizophrenia and genes, which are usually transferable from one offspring to the other. Another study on schizophrenia, which is one of the man y studies on the same disease, was to find out the relationship between the disease, genetic traits, and the environment. The study found that the heritability liability of schizophrenia was 81%, which means that schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease arising due to genetic traits that can be inherited. 11% of the problem in victims was attributed to common and shared environment. The study came out with a conclusion that schizophrenia is highly influenced by genes and the environment although it does not show the cause of the disease. The study simply reinforces previous theories that point the origins of schizophrenia to both genes and the environment (Daly, 2013, p. 735). Another study by McGlashan (1988) found that schizophrenia, as a mental disease can be chronic to the extent that its effects become worse in relation to those of other known major mental illnesses.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In these findings, schizophrenia can lead to increased risks of suicide in its victims, instances of physical health, and cases of mortality. According to McGlashan (1988), the disease comes out in the open after a period of between 5-10 years after its manifestation meaning that it can remain unnoticed in an individual for some time, as it develops before it comes out evidently (p. 520). The study finds that long-term studies on the disease so far have not come up with any conclusion on the history of treatment of the disease, meaning that the treatment of the disease has not been concluded as effective. Studies on the disorder can be described as continuous because no authoritatively conclusive study has been made so far. Different theories on the disease continue to be studied while new theories also come up at the same time to try to find a solution. Therefore, any information so far being used in the field cannot be described as conclusive, but as part of a continuous study. Tr eatment Options One factor that underlies schizophrenia treatment is that it is a disease whose cause is not yet known and that it comes in different manifestations. This case therefore complicates the treatment regime that any physician has to offer because it is a trial and error at the end of the day. Every single schizophrenic case has to be approached individually because different victims have different symptoms besides having different combinations of symptoms (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). This complication therefore restricts the physician to observe case by case in an effort to administer drugs according to their opinion on the individual case. The treatment methods commonly in the application are based on a clinical research that has been conducted on the disease as well as on the experience of the physician on the treatment of the disease. Usually, the approach that the physician will employ will depend on the ability of the strategy to reduce the effects and symptoms of the d isease as well as an approach that is believed will reduce the chances of the disease coming back. Treatment for the condition happens in two ways: medical treatment or psychosocial treatment (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1188). Medical treatment of the disease usually involves the use of antipsychotic medicine, which has been available since 1950s. These drugs are not known to cure the problem. Rather, they are known to reduce psychotic symptoms to allow the individual to behave like a normal person. So far, this treatment has been identified as the most effective. An experienced physician who specializes in mental cases can administer it. The choices of drugs and dosage are the prerogative of the physician because treatment is done on a case-by-case basis. Many schizophrenic cases as explained above differ in symptoms and intensity. Although psychotic medication has been known to work well for schizophrenic cases, it sometimes does not work in others in that patients may fail completely to respond to the drug thus making it useless to administer the said drug on them (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189). Some patients will mildly respond to the drugs being administered. This case would require higher doses of the drug for them to be effective. Although it is effective in treating and managing schizophrenia, almost all anti psychotic drugs have negative side effects that might not be pleasant at all to the patient. Some of the commonly used drugs include Clozapine, which is registered as Clozaril. It has been touted as the best antipsychotic drug ever to be used. However, its use comes with severe side effects to the user of the drug with the development of agronulocytocis, which is a condition that diminishes white blood cells thus reducing the individual’s immunity. Risperidone is another drug that can be used to treat psychosis, which in this case is schizophrenia. The drug has fewer side effects compared to Clozapine. However, it is not as effective as Clozapine. Olaza pine is another antipsychotic drug that works like Risperidone but not as effective as Clozapine (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Many other drugs are still being developed. Thus, they are not yet in the market. On the other hand, other drugs that can be used in treating schizophrenia have been found to treat specific symptoms. Hence, they cannot be counted upon to treat other symptoms. This makes them less effective. Psychotherapy can also be used as treatment for schizophrenia in some cases through rehabilitation of the individual, family education, individual psychotherapy, and self-help groups. The use of psychotherapy can only be applicable in cases where the individuals respond to the treatment. The physician can only determine this treatment. Psychosocial therapy is mostly applied when the individual seems to have developed schizophrenia due to environmental influences. The Success of Treatment Options The success of treatment options for schizophrenia can only be stated in relative terms due to the manner in which the disease manifests itself and the stage the treatment for the disease has reached. So far, there is no cure for schizophrenia. The only available solution has been to tame the situation as the patient continues to use drugs. Many patients who have been diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia have had to live with the condition for the rest of their lives because it is not curable (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1191). The only solution that most of them have had with this condition is that some cases have been able to have the condition suppressed for a longtime without them relapsing. This far is the closest to cure to which patients with schizophrenia can come close. The biggest challenge that remains is that the disease comes in many different forms with either individual symptoms or a combination of symptoms. This case is a challenge because the psychiatrist has to deal with individual symptoms as they try to sort them because each symptom has its own d rug. A mixture of some of the drugs used can be dangerous to the patient. Therefore, in most cases, the patient is treated for one condition at a time. The use of more effective drugs such as Clozapine has other devastating effects on the patient. The drug is overly effective in its application. However, its side effects are dangerous as well. For instance, patients under Clozapine need to have their blood tested very often to check the white blood cells count because the drug tends to diminish the white cells (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Inadequate white cells mean that the body’s immune system will be lowered because they are responsible for the immune system of the body. Success in treatment options can be described as successful in individual cases where the patient has responded positively to the treatment. This varies with individual cases because there are those patients who will respond positively to the therapy while there are those who will not respond at all. Treatment of schizophrenia starts with a trial-and-error mode as the physician tries out different treatment plans for the individual. It takes some time before the physician figures out the exact plan for an individual patient. At the end of the day, the plan might work or fail (Daly, 2013, p. 750). Treatment options offered so far can be deemed successful as far as offering the best they can because that is the best that the industry can offer. They have been known to control the disease in an individual successfully. The only point that should be noted is that the disease never goes away and that the patient has to be on the lookout in case they relapse. This will force them to go back to treatment. On the other hand, some patients might have to be fully dependent on the drugs for them to behave normally because they might not look properly wired without the drugs. Whereas treatment has worked in some cases, it has failed completely to work for some patients in some other cases (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). In these instances, patients have had to be confined in facilities that will allow them to be taken care of, or they have to be heavily sedated as a way of keeping them calm. These two methods can be punitive to the patient. However, at the same time, they can be the only available solutions to them. Conclusion Schizophrenia as a mental disorder continues to pose challenges to the medical world on the best solutions that can be found to take care of it. The challenge of finding its main cause remains large because there is still no solution ahead with the present-day technology. The complexity of the problem has made it worse by complicating its description in that it cannot be described by one or two words. So far, the only hope of finding the main cause of the problem lies with finding the exact genetic connection as well as the environmental connection to the problem. Reference List Daly, M. (2013). Genetics connection In Schizophrenia. Nature Genetics, 45(7), 715- 841. Lilienfeld, S. et al. (2010). Psychology: A Framework for Everyday Thinking. London: Pearson Publishers. McGlashan, T. (1988). A Selective Review of North American Follow Up Studies of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bullettin, 14(4), 515-542. Meltzer, H. (2002). Suicidality in Schizophrenia: A Review of the Evidence for Risk Factors Treatment Options. Current Psychiatry Reports, 4(4), 279-283. Sullivan, P. (2003). Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Twin. Jama Psychiatry, 60(12), 1187-1192. This research paper on What is Schizophrenia? was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Modern American History essay

Modern American History essay Modern American History essay Modern American History essayRecently, the interest in the social history, including everyday life, is rapidly growing in our society. Thus, I am going to imagine my life during World War II, as well as to describe it with some details.Firstly, I want to mention that the war abruptly changed the lives of the country’s population, showing that life is not as simple as it was previously and it depends on many occasional factors. I feel that something wrong has happened with me because such feelings as stability and confidence in the future disappeared from my life. For instance, the war makes me to be worried about the life of my family members, relatives, friends and citizens of my native country. My visits to public places give me a possibility to know everything about the events around, but I feel a constant worry about the future of my family, and it makes me rather nervous. Of course, there is a hope that everything will be good but observing fast development of war industr y, I realize that all projectiles are created to destroy cities, to kill people and to influence the world around. So, my life during World War II is full of hardships because nobody can stay calm when many people are suffering, loosing their lives, homes and prospects for better life.Franklin Roosevelt came to power in a most difficult time for the country in the midst of the Great Depression that threatened the country with complete financial, economic and social collapse. Moreover, overproduction crisis led to a drop in the share price, thousands of businesses and banks were closed across the country; people remained homeless and they started different strikes. Taking into account all the facts, Roosevelt was able to act boldly due to his iron will and incomparable endurance. For instance, he started to implement a set of measures in the field of socio-economic policies, named â€Å"New Deal,† immediately after assuming the White House. In the first hundred days of his pr esidency, he has undertaken a number of important measures to restore the banking system, agriculture and industry. Franklin Roosevelt provided direct social benefits, launched a broad program for employment in state-building, introduced unemployment insurance and old age pension. So, compared with the policy of his predecessors, all the actions of a new president sounded almost revolutionary. Of course, the actions and reforms of Roosevelt cannot be limited by the above mentioned list, but even such a little amount of described Roosevelt’s activities allows to claim that this person has changed the history of the USA forever. Thus, I agree with the statement that Franklin Roosevelt is a great President.3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every event has two sides and the 1920s were not only â€Å"Roaring,† but they also had a dark side. For instance, Prohibition gave a fast rise to the mafia and such a fact led to a very big increase in a state of crime during that decade. Moreover, a lot of industries (such as textiles or coal mining) were rapidly dying out and workers lost their jobs; it led to the development of some percent of poor people because not all people shared in prosperity. Another problem was associated with the Red Scare which was seen as a kind of popular international communist conspiracy that took an active part in many protest movements and even in union activities. It was also times of the increasing activities of the Ku Klux Klan, and this organization was terrorizing foreigners, blacks, Jews and Roman Catholics. And finally, agricultural sector was affected by low incomes because changes in the US economy led to the world overproduction and falling food prices. Thus, a dark side of the 1920s demonstrated us that incomes were not equally distributed Modern American History essay Modern American History essay Modern American History essayRecently, the interest in the social history, including everyday life, is rapidly growing in our society. Thus, I am going to imagine my life during World War II, as well as to describe it with some details.Firstly, I want to mention that the war abruptly changed the lives of the country’s population, showing that life is not as simple as it was previously and it depends on many occasional factors. I feel that something wrong has happened with me because such feelings as stability and confidence in the future disappeared from my life. For instance, the war makes me to be worried about the life of my family members, relatives, friends and citizens of my native country. My visits to public places give me a possibility to know everything about the events around, but I feel a constant worry about the future of my family, and it makes me rather nervous. Of course, there is a hope that everything will be good but observing fast development of war industr y, I realize that all projectiles are created to destroy cities, to kill people and to influence the world around. So, my life during World War II is full of hardships because nobody can stay calm when many people are suffering, loosing their lives, homes and prospects for better life.Franklin Roosevelt came to power in a most difficult time for the country in the midst of the Great Depression that threatened the country with complete financial, economic and social collapse. Moreover, overproduction crisis led to a drop in the share price, thousands of businesses and banks were closed across the country; people remained homeless and they started different strikes. Taking into account all the facts, Roosevelt was able to act boldly due to his iron will and incomparable endurance. For instance, he started to implement a set of measures in the field of socio-economic policies, named â€Å"New Deal,† immediately after assuming the White House. In the first hundred days of his pr esidency, he has undertaken a number of important measures to restore the banking system, agriculture and industry. Franklin Roosevelt provided direct social benefits, launched a broad program for employment in state-building, introduced unemployment insurance and old age pension. So, compared with the policy of his predecessors, all the actions of a new president sounded almost revolutionary. Of course, the actions and reforms of Roosevelt cannot be limited by the above mentioned list, but even such a little amount of described Roosevelt’s activities allows to claim that this person has changed the history of the USA forever. Thus, I agree with the statement that Franklin Roosevelt is a great President.3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every event has two sides and the 1920s were not only â€Å"Roaring,† but they also had a dark side. For instance, Prohibition gave a fast rise to the mafia and such a fact led to a very big increase in a state of crime during that decade. Moreover, a lot of industries (such as textiles or coal mining) were rapidly dying out and workers lost their jobs; it led to the development of some percent of poor people because not all people shared in prosperity. Another problem was associated with the Red Scare which was seen as a kind of popular international communist conspiracy that took an active part in many protest movements and even in union activities. It was also times of the increasing activities of the Ku Klux Klan, and this organization was terrorizing foreigners, blacks, Jews and Roman Catholics. And finally, agricultural sector was affected by low incomes because changes in the US economy led to the world overproduction and falling food prices. Thus, a dark side of the 1920s demonstrated us that incomes were not equally distributed

Biography of Alexander the Great

Biography of Alexander the Great What would you do if you could rule the world? This seems like a preposterous question to most, but to one man it started to become a reality. It all started with the dreams of one King, Alexander the Great. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Macedonia, the area around present day Thessaloniki in northern Greece. Though the Macedonians might have considered themselves part of the Greek cultural world, the other Greeks viewed them as a half-barbaric mountain tribe. Alexander was the King of Macedonia in 336 BC, the Pharaoh of Egypt starting 332 BC, the King of Persia in 330 BC, and the King of Asia from 331 BC until the time of his unfortunate death in 323 BC. He was first crowned King of Macedonia at the young age of 19. Barely an adult, Alexander managed to transform his small Macedonian country into his own domain consisting of the three largest and most feared Empires in just 13 years. Right after his father’s death, Alexander had started his plans to conquer and unite all of the Ancient Greek city-states, along with the empires of Persia, Asia, and India. Although he was not successful in all of his plans, he managed to conquer and unite all of Ancient Greece, and conquer Persia and Asia, as well as some of India. Therefore, Alexander managed to transform the lesser known small mountain village of Macedonia into the largest and most powerful empire in all of Ancient Europe. The biographical novel Alexander The Great by Philip Freeman singlehandedly details all of the battles and important occurrences in Alexander’s life from his childhood until his death, as well as the legacy of the Empire he left behind which lasted several hundred years after his death. With the help of nobody but a select few of his father’s old generals, mainly his father’s right hand man Parmenion; Alexander was able to revolutionize the way of ancient warfare and destroy any Empire that stood in his way. As an absolute genius at psychological and unconvention al warfare, along with some high risk and high reward decisions, Alexander overcame some of the greatest obstacles in his way without breaking a sweat. I have always found Alexander has always been an extremely interesting and inspiring man to learn about in History, so I decided to learn more about his life and how he was able to conquer the Persian Empire, an Empire with the army size of almost twice that Alexander had in his control. In the following speech, I will tell the story of Alexander the Great and his adventures, many victories and very few defeats, during his conquest of the entire region of Greece, Persia, and Asia. Alexanders father King Philip was an impressive ruler who had started the systematic policy of expanding the control of Macedonia. Philips main conquest was that of the Greek mainland, after his victory at Chaeronea [Karineea] in 338 BC. The call to adventure was first introduced to Alexander while he was still in his teens, his father wanted to give him to commanded the Macedonian cavalry during this battle to prove Alexander’s worth as an heir to the throne. The Battle of Chaeronea took place in 338 BCE on an early August morning outside the town of Chaeronea[Karineea] in Boeotia [Beeotia], Greece. Although for centuries the cities of Athens and Sparta dominated Greece, politically, militarily and economically, the Battle of Chaeronea, one of the most renowned of all Greek battles, only involved one of these cities: Athens. However, Athens was not alone. They combined forces with Thebes including the sacred band of thebes, an elite group consisting of 150 pairs of male soldi ers who were the most fearsome warriors of Ancient Greece. The soldiers were all male lovers which, although peculiar, was effective because they wanted to impress and defend each other with their lives because they didn’t want to see their lover perish in battle. Both armies came together with the idea that they would destroy the conceited army of Macedonians and send them back to their homelands in the mountains. However, we quickly learn that this was not the case. Philip reorganized the old, traditional strategy of phalanx (which was a tightly moving group of soldiers) and replaced the outdated hoplite spear with the sarissa, an 18 to 20 foot pike, adding a smaller double-edged sword. Finally, he redesigned the antiquated shield and helmet, making them much more sturdy and viable. The Macedonians under Philip II’s rule would soon prove their worthiness and skill in this battle by slaughtering the enemy army including the sacred band of thebes. The Macedonians lost under 100 soldiers while the enemy forces casualties included 2,000 dead and 4,000 captured. Alexander decided to burn down and completely destroy the city as an example to other Greek states to show them what would happen if they rebelled. The Macedonian victory at Chaeronea would put Greece into a deep slope, both politically and militarily. It would never again regain its supremacy in the Mediterranean. Macedonia had established troops in Corinth and all of Ancient Greece recognized him as their leader and couldn’t afford to revolt. Philip was determined to transform his weaker citizen-based army into a worthy army of highly trained professional soldiers. Having well succeeded at this, it didn’t take long for him to reveal to the rest of Greece the might of the Macedonian army, attacking and defeating the Thracians to the north, proving to the people of Athens that Philip was a viable threat. Alexander’s first trials came around the same time of his father’s death. Philip II served as king from 359 BC until he was assassinated in 336 BC. Alexander was the runner up as King since he was Philip’s own child. However, seizing the throne after an untimely death of a beloved King can be chaotic so Alexander was not unopposed. He slayed his potential threats for the throne and secured his position as king of Macedon at just the age of 19. After securing the throne, he began to put his plans of conquering Ancient Europe into action. After gathering an impressive amount of troops consisting of highly determined and war-hardened Macedonians, Greek mercenaries, thracian troops and the whole Athens fleet, Alexander began his war against the Persians in 334 BC. At the time the Macedonian leader was twenty-two years old.Darius was prepared for battle having selected this spot to meet his enemy.After his defeat at Issus two years previously, Darius made sure that th is battleground favored his army and its tactics; mainly being war chariots. The ground here was flat which was perfect for chariots. Darius made it even flatter by ordering the terrain plowed and leveled. All was ready and on October 1, 331 BC the Persian army of possibly 200,000 faced off against Alexanders 35,000. The Macedonian leader immediately sized up the Persians tactical advantage and countered by ordering his cavalry to shift to the right along with Alexander himself hoping to move his enemy away from their flat field. The Persians marched parallel along with him, far outflanking him upon their left. Then the Persian cavalry rode along the line and came into contact with the front men of Alexanders army; nevertheless he still continued to defensively march towards the right, and almost entirely got beyond the ground that had been cleared and leveled by the Persians. Then Darius, fearing that his chariots would become useless if the Macedonians advanced upon the uneven gro und, ordered the front ranks of his left wing to ride round the right wing of the Macedonians, where Alexander was commanding, to prevent him from marching his wing any further. As soon as Darius set his whole battle line in motion, Alexander ordered Aretes, his general controlling the left ground units and javelineers to attack those who were riding clear around his right wing; and up to that time Alexander himself was leading his men in column. But when the Persians made a break in the front line of their army by having their cavalry charge to aid those executing the flanking movement, Alexander wheeled towards the gap, forming a wedge between the cavalry and part of the phalanx. He led them with a loud battle cry that every unit in his army followed in with that was so loud it frightened the Persians and caused the frontline to start a retreat. Darius quickly saw what was happening and commanded them to stay and fight. Alexander rode straight towards Darius, looking for the glory that would come if he killed the Great King of Persia himself. Then came a short hand-to-hand melee; but as Alexander and his troops pressed on vigorously, thrusting themselves against the Persians and striking through forces with their great sarissas, Darius, whose courage already had been shaken had turned and fled. Likewise the Persians who were trying to outflank, panic-stricken at the vigorous attack of Aretes, took to flight; a the Macedonians chased after and slaughtered those who they caught. Alexander’s victory at the battle of Gaugamela on the Persian plains was a decisive conquest that insured the defeat of the Persian King Darius III. Alexander then moved to the city of Sardis, the capital of Ancient Lydia. This was an important city due firstly to the amount of Persian troops stationed there, secondly to its control on an import ant road leading from the inside of Sardis outward to the Aegean[Ajian] coast, and thirdly to it’s access to the wide and fertile plains of the Hermus where important direct food to the city could be grown and developed year round. He then moved on to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states which lay along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. First starting with Baalbek. Baalbek was a religiously devoted city that was not loyal to the Persians who currently ruled them with constant religious interference. Because of this, they surrendered to Alexander and his army without a fight. Next came his destruction of the Phoenician city Sidon. Alexander attempted a peace offering to allow Sidon to surrender without a fight. They distastefully refused, calling Alexander a tyrant. Alexander was so insulted by being called a Tyrant that he ordered his engineers to besiege the high city walls and invaded the city with no mercy. Killing over 2000 soldiers and 1000 civilians, Alexander captured and sold the rest off into slavery, hoping to make an example of them. This seemed to work because after the fall of Sidon, the important and very wealthy trading city of Aleppo sent delegates to Alexander offering a golden crown as a symbol of their surrender. Following the fall of Aleppo came the long besiege of the very well protected Tyre. After Tyre fell to Alexander’s control quite easily once the walls came down, Alexander conquers Syria, who more than willingly surrendered without hesitation. Alexander then finished the conquest of Levant, the name given to the widely to the eastern Mediterranean coastal lands of Asia Minor and Phoenicia. Alexander then moved on to the mysterious lands of Egypt and was welcomed as a liberator and conquered Egypt without a fight.Alexander and all of his empire now called him the Pharaoh of Egypt, King of Asia, as well as King of Persia and King of Macedonia. In conclusion, Alexander was a man destined for greatness from the time of his birth. Turning a small Macedonian state into one of the largest Empires to exist in the Ancient world, his influence on the modern world comes in many different forms. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of historys most successful military commanders. The traits that contribute to him being one of the most successful military commanders of all time are not only limited to his high intelligence in battle however. As Niccolà ² Machiavelli, an italian philosopher influenced directly by Alexanders’ own tutor Aristotle himself, once famously quoted â€Å"The lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves.† He expressed behaviors of the lion when he revoked his merciful nature, and acted as a fox in his attentive yet generous manner when attempting to win his battles in a peaceful way. He was a merciful and generous leader, believing in fairness and equality no matter what religion or race you were. However, when his authority was challenged, he revoked his mercy to secure his position as a leader of the Ancient Greek Empire. He was never unjust in his punishments, and always gave his enemies a chance at peace. Alexander’s behaviorisms as a leader were very logical, reasonable, and most importantly merciful. These qualities are what I believe every human should aspire to have and for this reason he is my personal hero. â€Å"A horse must be a bit mad to be a good cavalry mount, and its rider must be completely so.† â€Å"A cavalrymans horse should be smarter than he is. But the horse must never be allowed to know this.† â€Å"This man has conquered the world! What have you done? The philosopher replied without an instants hesitation, I have conquered the need to conquer the world.† â€Å"Always attack. Even in defense, attack. The attacking arm possesses the initiative and thus commands the action. To attack makes men brave; to defend makes them timorous.† â€Å"Fame Imperishable and glory that will never die that is what we march for!† â€Å"When deliberating, think in campaigns and not battles; in wars and not campaigns; in ultimate conquest and not wars.† â€Å"There is nothing impossible to him who will try.† â€Å"A tomb now suffices him for whom the world was not enough.

Independent evaluation of agile methods Literature review

Independent evaluation of agile methods - Literature review Example Teams looking for an appropriate way of monitoring scope and at the same time enhance project implementation timelines look to agile project management. This method assists firms attain a healthy balance between waste reduction, cost cutting and quality preservation (Patel, Seyfi, Taghavi, Wills, Liu, Latih, & Misra, 2012). While conveying value to the buyer in a cost efficient way, agile project administration sustains the intricacies of the projects in a way that the conventional systems would not have in any way. Agile methods can help teams dispense products more swiftly while making them acclimatize to vicissitudes more easily than when they would have used the traditional methods (Maarit, Outi, & Pekka, 2010). The other benefits of agile methods of project management are that it cuts the time spent on information gathering while also enhancing implementation timelines. Agile project management simplifies teamwork and group effort enhancing overhead costs involved in project implementation. Agile project management is an adaptive approach that stresses on collaborative work or in other words revolutionary driven work done which demands team work in its execution and a continuing involvement of interested parties in the project cycles. The response of the interested parties is crucial during the execution process of the project when the end consequence is indefinite in some extent. In such an environment, the collaborations are inducted in every stage. This is important because it permits to reexamine the project on the basis of the interested parties’ feedback and reallocate work in the project accordingly. Working progressively gives room for the teams to stay on track and also for the consumers to attain what they need without the risk of profligacy (Qureshi, 2012). The Agile method of project management encompasses a number of factors making it conceivable for agile management teams to

Stag Hunt Game Models Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stag Hunt Game Models - Coursework Example The coursework "Stag Hunt Game Models" presents the comparison of the evolutionary game theory and the standard game theory and how they can be applied to a stag hunt game. In this kind of game, two players may choose to hunt a hare and a stag individually. Each player is however usually required to make their choices without letting it known to the other party. The two individuals must, however, seek the cooperation of each other in order to succeed in their game. For example, an individual can successfully hunt down and get a hare by hunting alone but a hare is considered to be worth significantly less than a stag. Consequently derived from stag hunt game is often used as one of the important analogies for social cooperation. There are also a number of other games that can also be effectively used to depict social cooperation. Some of these games include the prisoner’s dilemma and analysts believe it better than stage hunt with regard to its explanation of Social Corporation. The primary difference between stag hunt game and the Prisoners dilemma is that the game usually involves two Nash equilibria in the event that both the two players cooperate or defect at the same time. Prisoners dilemma as a game generally involves a Pareto efficient cooperation between two players but as opposed to stag hunt, Nash equilibrium is only present in the event that both the two players decide to defect. In a stag hunt game, there is usually one side considered to be risk dominant while the other side is regarded as payoff dominant.

Elektrobit Corporation Essay Example for Free

Elektrobit Corporation Essay Which of recommendations listed in the Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corp? Explain. Below shows some of recommendations of Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corporation :- (i) Elektrobit has recent arrivals to an area share their experiences with newcomers. To inform to the newcomers about what we experienced during all programmes in Elektrobit Corporation. Newcomers can judges companies achievement based on that experiences that we told to them. From there, we can persude newcomers to join us. Therefore, we can enlarge our business. (ii) Elektrobit employees who accept an international assignment have to sign a contract before they leave that spells out their pay, length of stay, and other details of what is expectedof them. To prevent the occurrence of fraud and breach of trust in the company. By signing contract, we can refer to the agreement if any problems stated on above is occur. Therefore, newcomers in the organization will be more diciplined in doing anytypes work given. So, this contract will be a good guidance in their organization and the company will have a good management. (iii) Elektrobit moves an average of 10 people a year between its global offices, spending about 10,000 annually for each of them on relocation expenses, housing for the employee, and any family that go along. The company make sure employees have whatever they need to start working efficiently on arrival. But it also tries to help them settle into their everyday lives outside work. This can prove that the Elektrobit Corporation is very concerned about the welfare of their workers.

Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Friend Yesterday, as Martin's friends poured into town, I was struck by how many distinct sets of friends he had. Family, skaters, punks, his Swampland posse, his boys and his girls, Professors, colleagues, Ann Arbor friends, Chicago friends, cyberspace friends who'd never met him "in the flesh"... Trying to walk down the street with him was an exercise in frustration, as Martin's fans flocked to him like the Pied Piper. He was so much, to so many. One of his greatest gifts to us is each other. I remember the first time I saw Marty 12 years ago. You couldn't miss him, of course. It was Computer Science 101, a lecture hall with hundreds of students. He would skate into class 20 minutes late, flip his skateboard up onto his desk, crack open a chocolate milk and begin to drink... 200 eyes on him. Martin would turn around and give us a little wave. The thing was, and it *clearly* pissed off the Professors, he routinely scored the highest marks in the class on every assignment. Immediately I said to myself, "I need to know this guy..." So I cornered him and announced, "You and I are going to be friends..." Martin looked me up and down and said, "Uh....No thanks..." And so it began. Martin, in those days especially, had an approach to people that was at best "challenging", & at worst confrontational. Those who didn't "get" Martin brushed him off as a clown, but to those who watched, and listened, it was clear there was something extremely profound going on. Martin had an uncanny ability to see into people, to look through you, to reflect your own insecurities and hangups back at you, until you had no choice left but to drop them... and dance with him. Martin called your bluff every time... Despite his best efforts to the contrary, eventually we did become friends. I simply refused to let him go, or to let him push me away... I knew in my core that if being Martin's friend required change, well then I'd change. He was worth it... Martin was a hacker in the true MIT tradition. As a teenager, and Marty didn't often brag about this, he reengineered some communication software into what became the de facto standard for software pirates around the world. In those days he was known by his handle, the "Redheaded Freak". Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Friend Yesterday, as Martin's friends poured into town, I was struck by how many distinct sets of friends he had. Family, skaters, punks, his Swampland posse, his boys and his girls, Professors, colleagues, Ann Arbor friends, Chicago friends, cyberspace friends who'd never met him "in the flesh"... Trying to walk down the street with him was an exercise in frustration, as Martin's fans flocked to him like the Pied Piper. He was so much, to so many. One of his greatest gifts to us is each other. I remember the first time I saw Marty 12 years ago. You couldn't miss him, of course. It was Computer Science 101, a lecture hall with hundreds of students. He would skate into class 20 minutes late, flip his skateboard up onto his desk, crack open a chocolate milk and begin to drink... 200 eyes on him. Martin would turn around and give us a little wave. The thing was, and it *clearly* pissed off the Professors, he routinely scored the highest marks in the class on every assignment. Immediately I said to myself, "I need to know this guy..." So I cornered him and announced, "You and I are going to be friends..." Martin looked me up and down and said, "Uh....No thanks..." And so it began. Martin, in those days especially, had an approach to people that was at best "challenging", & at worst confrontational. Those who didn't "get" Martin brushed him off as a clown, but to those who watched, and listened, it was clear there was something extremely profound going on. Martin had an uncanny ability to see into people, to look through you, to reflect your own insecurities and hangups back at you, until you had no choice left but to drop them... and dance with him. Martin called your bluff every time... Despite his best efforts to the contrary, eventually we did become friends. I simply refused to let him go, or to let him push me away... I knew in my core that if being Martin's friend required change, well then I'd change. He was worth it... Martin was a hacker in the true MIT tradition. As a teenager, and Marty didn't often brag about this, he reengineered some communication software into what became the de facto standard for software pirates around the world. In those days he was known by his handle, the "Redheaded Freak".

Any Help

Review Sheets for Chapter 20. 1 1. Assuming the following reaction proceeds in the forward direction, 3 Sn4+(aq) + 2 Cr(s) ? 3 Sn2+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) 4+ a. Sn (aq) is the reducing agent and Cr(s) is the oxidizing agent. b. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. c. Sn4+(aq) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. d. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Cr3+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. e. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn4+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. 2. The following reaction occurs spontaneously. H+(aq) + Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction. a. 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– ? H2(g) b. 2 H+(aq) ? H2(g) + 2 e– c. H2(g) ? 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– d. Ca(s) + 2 e– ? Ca2+(aq) e. Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– 3. Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of CrO42–(aq) to Cr(OH)3(s) in a basic solution. a. CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) b. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) c. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 e– d. CrO42–(aq) + 4 H2O( ) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 5 OH–(aq) e.CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) 4. Write a balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of Cd(s) by concentrated nitric acid, producing NO2(g) and Cd2+(aq). a. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + OH–(aq) b. 2 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) c. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) + H+(aq) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O( ) d. 4 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2H2O( ) + 2 NO3–(aq) e. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: E E D D

To Err is Human by Lewis Thomas

Lewis Thomas' To Err is Human In the essay, â€Å"To Err is Human†, Lewis Thomas, begins by contrasting the supposed infallibility of computers with the human propensity for error. In the essay Lewis explains how we grow from our mistakes, he says â€Å"We are built to make mistakes, coded for error (306). Lewis uses persuasive elements to sway people into his point of view.Thomas writes that when computers make an error, they don't know what to do, but if a human makes an error we can adapt and make the necessary improvements to make the error better or get the right answer. Thomas states that computers are designed to be perfect, however, as we all know from personal experiences, computers sometimes do make mistakes.He then goes on to say that computers come do the same as humans, like when people make mistakes they learn from them, he said that if computers could do it they would be even more perfect then stated. Thomas uses the element of imagery to capture his readers in terest in the essay, by comparing a humans mind to a computer's workings, he goes on to state that a good bank or the government, has to run like a computer or a least somewhat, this connects the reader to something that goes on in everyday life and moves their live along.In this essay Thomas' intended it to make readers realize that an â€Å"error† is nothing to be worried about and it actually could be are greatest strength. His persuasive techniques and all of his powerful imagery and description make this essay persuade anyone to take his side and make it look like computers aren't really that perfect in the end.

Free Essays on Robert Frost

In the first poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Frost vividly describes a freedom that many of us take for granted. He tells how he has decided to take the time to stop what he is doing and admire the snow as it falls in the woods and on a frozen lake. The man who owns these woods lives in the town and is ignorant of the beauty that they contain. He has not taken the time to notice how beautiful they are as the snow comes down. The owner of the woods, we’ll call him Bob, lives in the town and is busy living his life in the town. Bob will not notice because he takes for granted the fact that he is able to go look at the woods much like the author. â€Å"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.† The persona is saying that he knows who owns the woods, but he won’t see him looking at the woods because he lives in the town. The author knows that B ob will not visit because he only owns the woods, he lives in the town and does not appreciate the beauty they possess or he would be there visiting them himself. The author is appreciating life and the freedom that he has while observing his own winter or the last stanza of his life as he watches the woods as they fill will snow. It is clear that the author (the persona of the poem) has chosen a life different from that of Bob. Bob has chosen the city life of materialistic things while the author has decided to take in the beauty of the world. His life has reached its winter, it’s end, and he is stopping â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow,† perhaps for the last time. He understands that he may not have much time left and he want to get as much as he can out of his life. He wants to see all the beauty that exists, whether it is in the woods or elsewhere. The mere simplicity of this peaceful scene brings him joy. However, the man who lives in the village doe... Free Essays on Robert Frost Free Essays on Robert Frost In the first poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Frost vividly describes a freedom that many of us take for granted. He tells how he has decided to take the time to stop what he is doing and admire the snow as it falls in the woods and on a frozen lake. The man who owns these woods lives in the town and is ignorant of the beauty that they contain. He has not taken the time to notice how beautiful they are as the snow comes down. The owner of the woods, we’ll call him Bob, lives in the town and is busy living his life in the town. Bob will not notice because he takes for granted the fact that he is able to go look at the woods much like the author. â€Å"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.† The persona is saying that he knows who owns the woods, but he won’t see him looking at the woods because he lives in the town. The author knows that B ob will not visit because he only owns the woods, he lives in the town and does not appreciate the beauty they possess or he would be there visiting them himself. The author is appreciating life and the freedom that he has while observing his own winter or the last stanza of his life as he watches the woods as they fill will snow. It is clear that the author (the persona of the poem) has chosen a life different from that of Bob. Bob has chosen the city life of materialistic things while the author has decided to take in the beauty of the world. His life has reached its winter, it’s end, and he is stopping â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow,† perhaps for the last time. He understands that he may not have much time left and he want to get as much as he can out of his life. He wants to see all the beauty that exists, whether it is in the woods or elsewhere. The mere simplicity of this peaceful scene brings him joy. However, the man who lives in the village doe... Free Essays on Robert Frost Robert Frost Overview Robert Frost is considered one of the â€Å"most popular American poets of his time.† He won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry four times. Congress also voted him a gold medal, in â€Å"recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world† (Costello 543). The poem â€Å"Birches† was first published in 1915 (Thomason 18). In Robert Frost’s â€Å"Birches,† the theme of reality vs. imagination is discovered through images of bent birches, symbolism of a boy swinging the trees, and the tone of words used. The conflict of reality vs. imagination is explored through images of bent birches. Reality is depicted as birches bending and cracking after a freezing rain from the ice that was left behind. Frost let’s the reader know that this is reality in lines 3-4: â€Å"I like to think some boy’s been swinging them. But swinging doesn’t bend them down to stay.† He tells the reader the real reason of what bent the birches in line 5 when he states â€Å"Ice-storms do that.† In the next six lines, Erica Smith notes, â€Å"we are inclined to view the ice storm negatively because Frost has used it to refute his hoped-for explanation in line three† (Smith 20). A couple of lines later Frost gives us an insight into how reality is: They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed So low for long, they never right themselves. The birches are dragged to the floor and they don’t break. The situation is that after they are kept down for a long time they can never be straight again. They are permanently stuck in this â€Å"bowed† position. We can compare these three lines to our lives because reality is that although we have problems we don’t â€Å"break† or fall apart every time a problem arises. There is a point in lines fifteen and sixteen because when we have a huge problem that makes a big impact ... Free Essays on Robert Frost â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† is an excellent example of one of his darker pieces of writing. However, it can be examined in a positive as well as negative light. One can interpret the poem not only by considering the meaning of the words Frost uses in a literal sense but also by considering them as symbols. Whether considering the literal meaning or even the symbolic significance, each stanza seems to be responsible for delivering vital information as the poem develops. In â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening†, Robert Frost’s wording interpreted literally is the positive breakdown of the poem whereas deciphering the verbiage as symbols of his dark feelings is the negative analysis. Initially, the poem may convey more transcendental ideals and thus appearing to be understood on a literal level the positive side. In the first stanza, Frost is setting the scene and the mood by expressing the isolated local during a break in the travelers arduous journey; it is key to understand that this man does not want to be disturbed since he contentedly states, â€Å"He will not see me stopping here† (line 3). He stopped there to simply take a break and â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow† (line 4). The process of snow filling a wooded area is a time consuming event, therefore one is left to assume that the traveler is an avid admirer of this natural occurrence and would be content viewing the event in it’s entirety. It is also possible to consider the usage of words â€Å"fill up† as sending a positive feeling; possibly to be filled up in the sense that there is an abundance of love, joy or happiness in his life. Nevertheless, from the first verse, one may deduce that Frost’s message in the poem is going to be a positive one about the awe and beauty of nature. In the following verses, through the horse by his side, there is a humorous yet const... Free Essays on Robert Frost In the first poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Frost vividly describes a freedom that many of us take for granted. He tells how he has decided to take the time to stop what he is doing and admire the snow as it falls in the woods and on a frozen lake. The man who owns these woods lives in the town and is ignorant of the beauty that they contain. He has not taken the time to notice how beautiful they are as the snow comes down. The owner of the woods, we’ll call him Bob, lives in the town and is busy living his life in the town. Bob will not notice because he takes for granted the fact that he is able to go look at the woods much like the author. â€Å"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.† The persona is saying that he knows who owns the woods, but he won’t see him looking at the woods because he lives in the town. The author knows that B ob will not visit because he only owns the woods, he lives in the town and does not appreciate the beauty they possess or he would be there visiting them himself. The author is appreciating life and the freedom that he has while observing his own winter or the last stanza of his life as he watches the woods as they fill will snow. It is clear that the author (the persona of the poem) has chosen a life different from that of Bob. Bob has chosen the city life of materialistic things while the author has decided to take in the beauty of the world. His life has reached its winter, it’s end, and he is stopping â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow,† perhaps for the last time. He understands that he may not have much time left and he want to get as much as he can out of his life. He wants to see all the beauty that exists, whether it is in the woods or elsewhere. The mere simplicity of this peaceful scene brings him joy. However, the man who lives in the village doe... Free Essays on Robert Frost A comparison of Robert Frost’s â€Å"Fire and Ice† and William Butler Yeats’s â€Å"The Second Coming† The purpose of this paper is to give equal illumination to two poems that contain a similar theme. That theme is the end of the world. They both depict the end of the world, but in very different ways. Frost depicts the end of the world as either being of fire or of ice. On the other hand Yeats depicts the end of the world as utter chaos and destruction. Therefore the two poems are similar in the end of the world theme but differ in the way the world ends. In Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Fire and Ice†, Frost describes the end of the world as either being fire or ice. He says that he does not care which way the world ends because he has seen both in his life. As he puts it â€Å"from what I have tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire†(3-4). What he is saying is that he does not fear dying in fire because fire is equated with desire. He feels that dying in desire is not too bad of a way to die. As most people now when something is done with desire there is always a â€Å"fire† that is burning inside. Also in â€Å"Fire and Ice† Frost says that â€Å"but if I had to die twice I think I know enough of hate to say that for destruction ice is also great and would suffice† (5-9). What Frost is saying with this part of the poem is that if he could die twice he then choose the ice because he knows the hate that ice is equated with. When someone feels hate there is a general feeling of coldness or â€Å"Ice†. Frost is saying that he could stand dying through the coldness of hate. On the other end is William Butler Yeats’s poem â€Å"The Second Coming†. In this poem Yeats portrays the end of the world as a time of chaos and anarchy. The line â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†(4-5), sums up that his vision is that the world is going to begin to crumble and nothing will be left but ... Free Essays on Robert Frost A comparison of Robert Frost’s â€Å"Fire and Ice† and William Butler Yeats’s â€Å"The Second Coming† The purpose of this paper is to give equal illumination to two poems that contain a similar theme. That theme is the end of the world. They both depict the end of the world, but in very different ways. Frost depicts the end of the world as either being of fire or of ice. On the other hand Yeats depicts the end of the world as utter chaos and destruction. Therefore the two poems are similar in the end of the world theme but differ in the way the world ends. In Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Fire and Ice†, Frost describes the end of the world as either being fire or ice. He says that he does not care which way the world ends because he has seen both in his life. As he puts it â€Å"from what I have tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire†(3-4). What he is saying is that he does not fear dying in fire because fire is equated with desire. He feels that dying in desire is not too bad of a way to die. As most people now when something is done with desire there is always a â€Å"fire† that is burning inside. Also in â€Å"Fire and Ice† Frost says that â€Å"but if I had to die twice I think I know enough of hate to say that for destruction ice is also great and would suffice† (5-9). What Frost is saying with this part of the poem is that if he could die twice he then choose the ice because he knows the hate that ice is equated with. When someone feels hate there is a general feeling of coldness or â€Å"Ice†. Frost is saying that he could stand dying through the coldness of hate. On the other end is William Butler Yeats’s poem â€Å"The Second Coming†. In this poem Yeats portrays the end of the world as a time of chaos and anarchy. The line â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†(4-5), sums up that his vision is that the world is going to begin to crumble and nothing will be left but ... Free Essays on Robert Frost In the first poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Frost vividly describes a freedom that many of us take for granted. He tells how he has decided to take the time to stop what he is doing and admire the snow as it falls in the woods and on a frozen lake. The man who owns these woods lives in the town and is ignorant of the beauty that they contain. He has not taken the time to notice how beautiful they are as the snow comes down. The owner of the woods, we’ll call him Bob, lives in the town and is busy living his life in the town. Bob will not notice because he takes for granted the fact that he is able to go look at the woods much like the author. â€Å"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.† The persona is saying that he knows who owns the woods, but he won’t see him looking at the woods because he lives in the town. The author knows that B ob will not visit because he only owns the woods, he lives in the town and does not appreciate the beauty they possess or he would be there visiting them himself. The author is appreciating life and the freedom that he has while observing his own winter or the last stanza of his life as he watches the woods as they fill will snow. It is clear that the author (the persona of the poem) has chosen a life different from that of Bob. Bob has chosen the city life of materialistic things while the author has decided to take in the beauty of the world. His life has reached its winter, it’s end, and he is stopping â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow,† perhaps for the last time. He understands that he may not have much time left and he want to get as much as he can out of his life. He wants to see all the beauty that exists, whether it is in the woods or elsewhere. The mere simplicity of this peaceful scene brings him joy. However, the man who lives in the village doe... Free Essays on Robert Frost In the first poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Frost vividly describes a freedom that many of us take for granted. He tells how he has decided to take the time to stop what he is doing and admire the snow as it falls in the woods and on a frozen lake. The man who owns these woods lives in the town and is ignorant of the beauty that they contain. He has not taken the time to notice how beautiful they are as the snow comes down. The owner of the woods, we’ll call him Bob, lives in the town and is busy living his life in the town. Bob will not notice because he takes for granted the fact that he is able to go look at the woods much like the author. â€Å"Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.† The persona is saying that he knows who owns the woods, but he won’t see him looking at the woods because he lives in the town. The author knows that B ob will not visit because he only owns the woods, he lives in the town and does not appreciate the beauty they possess or he would be there visiting them himself. The author is appreciating life and the freedom that he has while observing his own winter or the last stanza of his life as he watches the woods as they fill will snow. It is clear that the author (the persona of the poem) has chosen a life different from that of Bob. Bob has chosen the city life of materialistic things while the author has decided to take in the beauty of the world. His life has reached its winter, it’s end, and he is stopping â€Å"To watch the woods fill up with snow,† perhaps for the last time. He understands that he may not have much time left and he want to get as much as he can out of his life. He wants to see all the beauty that exists, whether it is in the woods or elsewhere. The mere simplicity of this peaceful scene brings him joy. However, the man who lives in the village doe... Free Essays on Robert Frost â€Å"Home Burial† describes a man and his wife dealing with a death in the family. Specifically, the death is that of a small child. The man proposes getting over the death quickly and not dwelling on it, while his wife continues to mourn and question. The man just can’t seem to understand that his wife can’t simply move on after the child’s death. His wife refuses to talk to her husband about what she is feeling and he resents that fact and wants her to talk with him. â€Å"’Don’t- don’t go. Don’t carry it to someone else this time. Tell me about it if it’s something human. Let me into your grief’† (Home Burial, 29). Frost shows a man afraid to let his wife go. He is afraid that she will leave and find someone else to talk to about this while he wants to be the person she turns to. He has so much trouble saying this, though, that his wife almost walks out the door. He has to let his old self di e and be vulnerable to his new self which wants to show his wife how much he loves her and cares for her. â€Å"’I do think, though, you overdo it a little. What was it brought you up to think it the thing to take your mother-loss of a first child so inconsolably- in the face of love. You’ think his memory might be satisfied- ‘† (Home Burial, 29). As much as the man wants to change and as much as he wants his wife to know that he cares for her he still can’t let his old self die off completely. His son has died and he can’t stop telling his wife to quit mourning. He doesn’t see any purpose in it and therefore doesn’t want his wife to do it either. â€Å"’You could sit there with the stains on your shoes of the fresh earth from your own baby’s grave and talk about your everyday concerns’ . . . ‘Three foggy mornings and one rainy day will rot the best birch fence a man can build’† (H ome Burial, 30). This man’s son has died and he has just finished burying him in the back yard. He come...

Pigs are emotional and sensitive Research Paper - 1

Pigs are emotional and sensitive - Research Paper Example Regardless of how intelligent and emotional pigs are, humans still raise them as livestock and treat them in less than humane ways. This paradox lies in contradiction with a number of assumptions we hold about the world we share with our fellow creatures (Fudge). In spite of a popular concept of a pig as a filthy, mechanical being, scientists know pigs are capable of complex emotions and thoughts. The domestic pig belongs to the genus Sus, as classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. There are approximately 2 billion domestic pigs on the planet; they are remarkably social and intelligent animals. One of the first animals to be domesticated, domestic pigs can be made to perform any number of tricks and tasks. They are commonly raised for meat (or pork) as livestock and for leather. Inconsistent with popular perceptions of pigs, it is actually the case that the pig’s sensory life is filled with a mass of information, requiring the animal to interpret and filter it quickly in order to deal with the world. Quite acute, the pig’s sensory inputs include highly adept senses of sound, sight, touch, olfaction, and taste. Despite having a relatively poor sense of sound, pigs use verbal communications in a quite advanced way. Auditory signals and vocalizations convey complex sets of information between pigs, such as the sender’s identity (Held, Cooper and Mendl 48). For example, piglets recognize the grunts of their own mother. Like their sense of sound, pigs do not have a particularly strong sense of vision. Poor visual acuity and color discrimination in pigs suggest vision is only a secondary sense as the pig seeks out food. The domestic pig’s sense of touch is far more acute than either its sense of sound or sight. Pain, by definition, functions to bring attention to specific areas of tissue damage to protect an area of damage. There is a difference between short- and long-term pains; the

Environmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental issues - Essay Example Aldo Leopold's 'environmental philosophy' has offered fresh insights into the preservation of the environment. Similarly, Garret Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons" has clearly demonstrated the dangers associated with the anthropocentric view of environment. Environmental issues have also given rise to the emergence of 'radical' environmental rights approaches that emphasized the rights of non-human entities. Even when most of these theoretical underpinnings on environment are quite anthropocentric they also underline man’s responsibility to protect the environment and its natural resources to ensure his own survival and existence. It is worthwhile to analyze the conflict between anthropocentric and bio-centric views on environmental protection. While anthropocentrism emphasizes the well-being of humans alone biocentrism take into account the interdependence and well-being of all living things. It has been identified that the preservation of habitats (of animals, birds, and plan ts) and diverse ecosystems is essential for the maintenance and protection of the ecosystem. The depletion of nonrenewable resources calls for the need to reduce, reuse, and recycle them, find alternatives for them, and to the free market to control conservation. The extinction of various species of animals and plants pose the greatest threat to the balance of the natural environment. However, it is a relief to environmentalists that many world nations have levied legal restrictions on such human activities that would lead to the extinction of various endangered species. The ethicists hold that endangered species have intrinsic value and their extinction would lead to loss of biodiversity that would threaten human survival. From an anthropocentric point of view some other ethicists hold that human beings alone have intrinsic value while biocentrism postulates that one can never undermine the interdependence among all living things leading towards biodiversity. Western religious trad ition and Bible have stressed on the anthropocentric views on environment. Bible’s teaching that human beings were created in the image of God and that God has given him dominion over everything else in the world has led many to conclude that humans are superior to nature and nature exists only to satisfy human needs and wants. However, there are alternative views propagated by people like Francis of Assisi on the value of nonhuman creation and the Noah story in Bible offers the best testimony for biocentrism. Garret Hardin, in his "Tragedy of the Commons" uses the analogy of the herdsmen and the common grass to refer to the environmental crisis. The herdsmen make use of the common grass as a bountiful resource until this lead to lack of grass and Hardin points out that the herdsmen’s use of the commons is analogous to humankind’s use of the planet’s shared resources, such as air, waterways, atmosphere, and climate. Hardin postulates that increased use of resources in the long run would make such resources limited. Hardin thus forecasts that indiscriminate use of resources will be catastrophic for the humans as it will lead to their own destruction. It is therefore imperative that man undertakes steps to avert this imminent tragedy awaiting mankind. The two possible solutions offered by Hardin are: government coercion and privatization of some parts of the commons to allow the free market to regulate their use. No doubt, Hardin’s analogy of the tragedy of commons with that of mankind has evoked favorable responses towards the environmental crisis. The environmental debate has also led to questions regarding the environmental rights of nonhuman entities. Kant’s categorical imperative, being anthropocentric, attributes rights