Lamb to the Slaughter

LAMB TO THE SLAUGHTER by ROALD DAHL The room was warm, the curtains were closed, the two table lamps were lit. On the cupboard behind her there were two glasses and some drinks. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home from work. Now and again she glanced at the clock, but without anxiety: She merely wanted to satisfy herself that each minute that went by made it nearer the time when he would come home. As she bent over her sewing, she was curiously peaceful. This was her sixth month expecting a child. Her mouth and her eyes, with their new calm look, seemed larger and darker than before.When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the car tires on the stones outside, the car door closing, footsteps passing the window, the key turning in the lock. She stood up and went forward to kiss him as he entered. â€Å"Hello, darling,† she said. â€Å"Hello,† he answered. She took his coat and hung it up. Then she made the drinks, a strong one for him and a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he was in the other chair, holding the tall glass, rolling it gently so that the ice knocked musically against the side of the glass.For her, this was always a wonderful time of day. She knew he didn't want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she was satisfied to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved the warmth that came out of him when they were alone together. She loved the shape of his mouth, and she especially liked the way he didn't complain about being tired. â€Å"Tired, darling? † â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"I'm thoroughly exhausted. And as he spoke, he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drank it down in one swallow although there was still half of it left.He got up and went slowly to get himself another drink. â€Å"I'll get it! † she cried, jumping up. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was a very strong one. She watched him as he began to drink. â€Å"I think it's a shame,† she said, â€Å"that when someone's been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long. † He didn't answer. â€Å"Darling,† she said,† If you're too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There's plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer. † Her eyes waited to an answer, a smile, a nod, but he made no sign. Anyway,† she went on. â€Å"I'll get you some bread and cheese. † â€Å"I don't want it,† he said. She moved uneasily in her chair. â€Å"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I'd like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything's in the freezer. † â€Å"Forget it,† he said. â€Å"But, darling, you have to eat! I'll do it anyway , and then you can have it or not, as you like. † She stood up and put placed her sewing on the table by the lamp. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. â€Å"Just for a minute, sit down. † It wasn't until then that she began to get frightened. â€Å"Go on,† he said. â€Å"Sit down. She lowered herself into the chair, watching him all the time with large, puzzled eyes. He had finished his second drink and was staring into the glass. â€Å"Listen,† he said. â€Å"I've got something to tell you. † â€Å"What is it, darling? What's the matter? † He became absolutely motionless, and he kept his head down. â€Å"This is going to be a big shock to you, I'm afraid,† he said. â€Å"But I've thought about it a good deal and I've decided that the only thing to do is to tell you immediately. † And he told her. It didn't take long, four or five minutes at most, and she sat still through it all, watching him with puzzled horror. So there it is,à ¢â‚¬  he added. â€Å"And I know it's a tough time to be telling you this, but there simply wasn't any other way. Of course, I'll give you money and see that you're taken care of. But there really shouldn't be any problem. I hope not, in any case. It wouldn't be very good for my job. † Her first instinct was not to believe any of it. She thought that perhaps she'd imagined the whole thing. Perhaps, if she acted as though she had not heard him, she would find out that none of it had ever happened. â€Å"I'll fix some supper,† she whispered.When she walked across the room, she couldn't feel her feet touching the floor. She couldn't feel anything except a slight sickness. She did everything without thinking. She went downstairs to the freezer and took hold of the first object she found. She lifted it out, and looked at it. It was wrapped in paper, so she took off the paper and looked at again — a leg of lamb. All right, then, they would have lamb for supper. She c arried it upstairs, held the thin end with both her hands. She went into the living room, saw him standing by the window with his back to her, and stopped. I've already told you,† he said. â€Å"Don't make supper for me. I'm going out. † At that point, Mary Maloney simply walked up behind him and without any pause, she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head. She might as well have hit him with a steel bar. She stepped back, waiting, and the strange thing was that he remained standing there for at least four or five seconds. Then he crashed onto the carpet. The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock.She came out slowly, feeling cold and surprised, and she stood for a few minutes, looking at the body, still holding the piece of meat tightly with both hands. All right, she told herself. So I've killed him. It was extraordinary, now, how cl ear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast. As the wife of a detective, she knew what the punishment would be. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the baby? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill them both — mother and child? Did they wait until the baby was born?What did they do? Mary Maloney didn't know and she wasn't prepared to take a chance. She carried the meat into the kitchen, put it into a pan, turned on the oven, and put the pan inside. Then she washed her hands, ran upstairs, sat down in front of the mirror, fixed her makeup, and tried to smile. The smile was rather peculiar. She tried again. â€Å"Hello, Sam† she said brightly, aloud. The voice sounded peculiar, too. â€Å"I want some potatoes, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of bean. s. † That was better. Both the smile and the voice sounded better now. She practiced them several times more.Then she ran downstairs, took her coat, and went out the back door, through the garden into the street. It wasn't six o'clock yet and the lights were still on in the neighborhood grocery. â€Å"Hello, Sam,† she said brightly, smiling at the man in the shop. â€Å"Good evening, Mrs. Maloney. How are you? † â€Å"I want some potatoes, please, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of beans, too. Patrick's decided he's tired and he doesn't want to eat out tonight,† she told him. â€Å"We usually go out on Thursdays, you know, and now I don't have any vegetables in the house. † â€Å"Then how about some meat, Mrs. Maloney? † asked the grocer. No, I've got meat, thanks, I've got a nice leg of lamb, from the freezer. † â€Å"Do you want these potatoes, Mrs. Maloney? â€Å"Oh, yes, they'll be fine. Two pounds, please. † â€Å"Anything else? † The grocer turned his head to one side, looking at her. â€Å"How about dessert? What are you going to give him for dessert? How about a nice piece of cake? I know he likes cake. † â€Å"Perfect,† she said. â€Å"He loves it. † And when she had bought and paid for everything, she gave her brightest smile and said, â€Å"Thank you, Sam. Good night. † And now, she told herself as she hurried back home, she was returning to her husband and he was waiting for his supper.She had to cook it well and make it taste as good as possible, because the poor man was tired; and if she found anything unusual or terrible when she got home, then it would be a shock and she would have to react with grief and horror. Of course, she was not expecting to find anything unusual at home. She was just going home with the vegetables on Thursday evening to cook dinner for husband. That's the way, she told herself. Do everything normally. Keep things absolutely natural and there'll be no need for acting at all. As she entered the kitchen by the back door, she was quietly singing to herself . Patrick! † she called. â€Å"How are you, darling? † She put the package on the table and went into the living room; and when she saw him lying there on the floor, it really was a shock. All the old love for him came back to her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry hard. It was easy. No acting was necessary. A few minutes later, she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. â€Å"Quick! Come quickly! Patrick's dead. † â€Å"Who's speaking? † â€Å"Mrs. Maloney. Mrs. Patrick Maloney. â€Å"Do you mean that Patrick's dead? † â€Å"I think so, † she cried. â€Å"He's lying on the floor and I think he's dead. † â€Å"We'll be there immediately,† the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both. She knew nearly all the men at the police sta tion. She fell into Jack Noonan's arms, crying uncontrollably. He put her gently into a chair. â€Å"Is he dead? † she cried. â€Å"I'm afraid he is. What happened? † In a few words she told her story about going to the grocer and coming back, when she found him on the floor.While she was crying and talking, Noonan found some dried blood on the dead man's head. He hurried to the phone. Some other men began to arrive — a doctor, two detectives, a police photographer, and a man who knew about fingerprints. The detectives kept asking her a lot of questions. They always treated her kindly. She told them how she'd put the meat into the overn — â€Å"it's there now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand how she had gone to the grocer's for vegetables and how she came back to find him lying on the floor. The two detectives were exceptionally nice to her. They searched the house.Sometimes Jack Noonan spoke to her gently. He told her that her husband had been killed by a blow to the back of the head. They were looking for the weapon. The murderer might have taken it with him, but he might have thrown it away or hidden it. — â€Å"It's the old story,† he said. â€Å"Get the weapon, and you've got the murderer. † Later, one of the detectives sat down beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could have been used as a weapon? Would she look around to see if anything was missing. The search went on. It began to get late — it was nearly nine o'clock.The men searching the rooms were getting tired. â€Å"Jack,† she said, â€Å"Would you like a drink? You must be extremely tired. † â€Å"Well,† he answered. â€Å"It's not allowed by police rules, but since you're a friend. † They stood around with drinks in their hands. The detectives were uncomfortable with her and they tried to say cheering things to her. Jack Noonan walked into the kitchen, came out quickly, and said, â€Å"Look, Mrs. M aloney. Did you know that your oven is still on, and the meat is still inside? † â€Å"Oh,† she said. â€Å"So it is! I'd better turn it off. † She returned with tearful eyes. â€Å"Would you do me a favor?Here you all are, all good friends of Patrick's, and you're helping to catch the man who killed him. You must be very hungry by now because it's long past your supper time, and I know that Patrick would never forgive me if I let you stay in the house without offering you anything to eat. Why don't you eat up the lamb in the oven? † â€Å"I wouldn't dream of it,† Noonan said. â€Å"Please,† she begged. â€Å"Personally, I couldn't eat a thing, but it'd be a favor to me if you ate it up. Then you can go on with your work. † The detectives hesitated, but they were hungry, and in the end, they went into the kitchen and helped themselves to supper.The woman stayed where she was and listened to them through the open door. She could hear th em speaking among themselves, and their voices were thick because their mouths were full of meat. â€Å"Have some more, Charlie. † â€Å"No, we'd better not finish it. † â€Å"She wants us to finish it. She said we ought to eat it up. † â€Å"That's a big bar the murderer must have used to hit poor Patrick. The doctor says the back of his head was broken to pieces. â€Å"That's why the weapon should be easy to find. † â€Å"Exactly what I say. † â€Å"Whoever did it, he can't carry a weapon that big around with him. â€Å" Lamb to the Slaughter LAMB TO THE SLAUGHTER by ROALD DAHL The room was warm, the curtains were closed, the two table lamps were lit. On the cupboard behind her there were two glasses and some drinks. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home from work. Now and again she glanced at the clock, but without anxiety: She merely wanted to satisfy herself that each minute that went by made it nearer the time when he would come home. As she bent over her sewing, she was curiously peaceful. This was her sixth month expecting a child. Her mouth and her eyes, with their new calm look, seemed larger and darker than before.When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the car tires on the stones outside, the car door closing, footsteps passing the window, the key turning in the lock. She stood up and went forward to kiss him as he entered. â€Å"Hello, darling,† she said. â€Å"Hello,† he answered. She took his coat and hung it up. Then she made the drinks, a strong one for him and a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he was in the other chair, holding the tall glass, rolling it gently so that the ice knocked musically against the side of the glass.For her, this was always a wonderful time of day. She knew he didn't want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she was satisfied to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved the warmth that came out of him when they were alone together. She loved the shape of his mouth, and she especially liked the way he didn't complain about being tired. â€Å"Tired, darling? † â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"I'm thoroughly exhausted. And as he spoke, he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drank it down in one swallow although there was still half of it left.He got up and went slowly to get himself another drink. â€Å"I'll get it! † she cried, jumping up. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was a very strong one. She watched him as he began to drink. â€Å"I think it's a shame,† she said, â€Å"that when someone's been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long. † He didn't answer. â€Å"Darling,† she said,† If you're too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There's plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer. † Her eyes waited to an answer, a smile, a nod, but he made no sign. Anyway,† she went on. â€Å"I'll get you some bread and cheese. † â€Å"I don't want it,† he said. She moved uneasily in her chair. â€Å"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I'd like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything's in the freezer. † â€Å"Forget it,† he said. â€Å"But, darling, you have to eat! I'll do it anyway , and then you can have it or not, as you like. † She stood up and put placed her sewing on the table by the lamp. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. â€Å"Just for a minute, sit down. † It wasn't until then that she began to get frightened. â€Å"Go on,† he said. â€Å"Sit down. She lowered herself into the chair, watching him all the time with large, puzzled eyes. He had finished his second drink and was staring into the glass. â€Å"Listen,† he said. â€Å"I've got something to tell you. † â€Å"What is it, darling? What's the matter? † He became absolutely motionless, and he kept his head down. â€Å"This is going to be a big shock to you, I'm afraid,† he said. â€Å"But I've thought about it a good deal and I've decided that the only thing to do is to tell you immediately. † And he told her. It didn't take long, four or five minutes at most, and she sat still through it all, watching him with puzzled horror. So there it is,à ¢â‚¬  he added. â€Å"And I know it's a tough time to be telling you this, but there simply wasn't any other way. Of course, I'll give you money and see that you're taken care of. But there really shouldn't be any problem. I hope not, in any case. It wouldn't be very good for my job. † Her first instinct was not to believe any of it. She thought that perhaps she'd imagined the whole thing. Perhaps, if she acted as though she had not heard him, she would find out that none of it had ever happened. â€Å"I'll fix some supper,† she whispered.When she walked across the room, she couldn't feel her feet touching the floor. She couldn't feel anything except a slight sickness. She did everything without thinking. She went downstairs to the freezer and took hold of the first object she found. She lifted it out, and looked at it. It was wrapped in paper, so she took off the paper and looked at again — a leg of lamb. All right, then, they would have lamb for supper. She c arried it upstairs, held the thin end with both her hands. She went into the living room, saw him standing by the window with his back to her, and stopped. I've already told you,† he said. â€Å"Don't make supper for me. I'm going out. † At that point, Mary Maloney simply walked up behind him and without any pause, she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head. She might as well have hit him with a steel bar. She stepped back, waiting, and the strange thing was that he remained standing there for at least four or five seconds. Then he crashed onto the carpet. The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock.She came out slowly, feeling cold and surprised, and she stood for a few minutes, looking at the body, still holding the piece of meat tightly with both hands. All right, she told herself. So I've killed him. It was extraordinary, now, how cl ear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast. As the wife of a detective, she knew what the punishment would be. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the baby? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill them both — mother and child? Did they wait until the baby was born?What did they do? Mary Maloney didn't know and she wasn't prepared to take a chance. She carried the meat into the kitchen, put it into a pan, turned on the oven, and put the pan inside. Then she washed her hands, ran upstairs, sat down in front of the mirror, fixed her makeup, and tried to smile. The smile was rather peculiar. She tried again. â€Å"Hello, Sam† she said brightly, aloud. The voice sounded peculiar, too. â€Å"I want some potatoes, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of bean. s. † That was better. Both the smile and the voice sounded better now. She practiced them several times more.Then she ran downstairs, took her coat, and went out the back door, through the garden into the street. It wasn't six o'clock yet and the lights were still on in the neighborhood grocery. â€Å"Hello, Sam,† she said brightly, smiling at the man in the shop. â€Å"Good evening, Mrs. Maloney. How are you? † â€Å"I want some potatoes, please, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of beans, too. Patrick's decided he's tired and he doesn't want to eat out tonight,† she told him. â€Å"We usually go out on Thursdays, you know, and now I don't have any vegetables in the house. † â€Å"Then how about some meat, Mrs. Maloney? † asked the grocer. No, I've got meat, thanks, I've got a nice leg of lamb, from the freezer. † â€Å"Do you want these potatoes, Mrs. Maloney? â€Å"Oh, yes, they'll be fine. Two pounds, please. † â€Å"Anything else? † The grocer turned his head to one side, looking at her. â€Å"How about dessert? What are you going to give him for dessert? How about a nice piece of cake? I know he likes cake. † â€Å"Perfect,† she said. â€Å"He loves it. † And when she had bought and paid for everything, she gave her brightest smile and said, â€Å"Thank you, Sam. Good night. † And now, she told herself as she hurried back home, she was returning to her husband and he was waiting for his supper.She had to cook it well and make it taste as good as possible, because the poor man was tired; and if she found anything unusual or terrible when she got home, then it would be a shock and she would have to react with grief and horror. Of course, she was not expecting to find anything unusual at home. She was just going home with the vegetables on Thursday evening to cook dinner for husband. That's the way, she told herself. Do everything normally. Keep things absolutely natural and there'll be no need for acting at all. As she entered the kitchen by the back door, she was quietly singing to herself . Patrick! † she called. â€Å"How are you, darling? † She put the package on the table and went into the living room; and when she saw him lying there on the floor, it really was a shock. All the old love for him came back to her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry hard. It was easy. No acting was necessary. A few minutes later, she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. â€Å"Quick! Come quickly! Patrick's dead. † â€Å"Who's speaking? † â€Å"Mrs. Maloney. Mrs. Patrick Maloney. â€Å"Do you mean that Patrick's dead? † â€Å"I think so, † she cried. â€Å"He's lying on the floor and I think he's dead. † â€Å"We'll be there immediately,† the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both. She knew nearly all the men at the police sta tion. She fell into Jack Noonan's arms, crying uncontrollably. He put her gently into a chair. â€Å"Is he dead? † she cried. â€Å"I'm afraid he is. What happened? † In a few words she told her story about going to the grocer and coming back, when she found him on the floor.While she was crying and talking, Noonan found some dried blood on the dead man's head. He hurried to the phone. Some other men began to arrive — a doctor, two detectives, a police photographer, and a man who knew about fingerprints. The detectives kept asking her a lot of questions. They always treated her kindly. She told them how she'd put the meat into the overn — â€Å"it's there now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand how she had gone to the grocer's for vegetables and how she came back to find him lying on the floor. The two detectives were exceptionally nice to her. They searched the house.Sometimes Jack Noonan spoke to her gently. He told her that her husband had been killed by a blow to the back of the head. They were looking for the weapon. The murderer might have taken it with him, but he might have thrown it away or hidden it. — â€Å"It's the old story,† he said. â€Å"Get the weapon, and you've got the murderer. † Later, one of the detectives sat down beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could have been used as a weapon? Would she look around to see if anything was missing. The search went on. It began to get late — it was nearly nine o'clock.The men searching the rooms were getting tired. â€Å"Jack,† she said, â€Å"Would you like a drink? You must be extremely tired. † â€Å"Well,† he answered. â€Å"It's not allowed by police rules, but since you're a friend. † They stood around with drinks in their hands. The detectives were uncomfortable with her and they tried to say cheering things to her. Jack Noonan walked into the kitchen, came out quickly, and said, â€Å"Look, Mrs. M aloney. Did you know that your oven is still on, and the meat is still inside? † â€Å"Oh,† she said. â€Å"So it is! I'd better turn it off. † She returned with tearful eyes. â€Å"Would you do me a favor?Here you all are, all good friends of Patrick's, and you're helping to catch the man who killed him. You must be very hungry by now because it's long past your supper time, and I know that Patrick would never forgive me if I let you stay in the house without offering you anything to eat. Why don't you eat up the lamb in the oven? † â€Å"I wouldn't dream of it,† Noonan said. â€Å"Please,† she begged. â€Å"Personally, I couldn't eat a thing, but it'd be a favor to me if you ate it up. Then you can go on with your work. † The detectives hesitated, but they were hungry, and in the end, they went into the kitchen and helped themselves to supper.The woman stayed where she was and listened to them through the open door. She could hear th em speaking among themselves, and their voices were thick because their mouths were full of meat. â€Å"Have some more, Charlie. † â€Å"No, we'd better not finish it. † â€Å"She wants us to finish it. She said we ought to eat it up. † â€Å"That's a big bar the murderer must have used to hit poor Patrick. The doctor says the back of his head was broken to pieces. â€Å"That's why the weapon should be easy to find. † â€Å"Exactly what I say. † â€Å"Whoever did it, he can't carry a weapon that big around with him. â€Å"

Trace Elements In Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay

Aim: The aim was to look into urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn and their relation with serum insulin in diabetes worlds. Materials and Methods: 40 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 30 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and 20 normal healthy topics were investigated for their serum degrees of glucose and insulin and urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn. There was important addition in the urinary elimination of all the three hint elements in diabetic patient. No important correlativity could be found between serum insulin and urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn. Consequences: The consequences indicate that there is increased elimination of hint elements in diabetes mellitus but it has no relation with serum insulin. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Serum insulin, Trace elements ( Fe, Cu and Zn ) . Introduction: Trace elements are inorganic elements, which are required in the diet in really little sums, less than 100 mg/day1 and are present in our tissues in merely highly little measures, with the concentration of mcgs to pictograms per gm of moisture organ.2For this ground, they are referred to as hint elements. Trace elements have indispensable function in normal growing, development and wellness of worlds. They have their function in diverse activities such as haem synthesis, connective tissue metamorphosis, bone development and as indispensable constituent of many enzymes.3In add-on hint elements have besides been shown to act upon the hormone system. They influence the hormone system in different ways depending upon whether the metal is present in surplus or in low province. Therefore, increasing or diminishing the concentration of several hint metals has been shown to act upon the hormonal synthesis, secernment, hormonal precursor consumption into mark secretory organs, endocrine binding to aim tissues and its utilization.4 Diabetess mellitus is most common endocrine disease of worlds and is due to absolute or comparative lack of endocrine, insuline5.Diabetes mellitus is said to be of multifactorial etiology and three meshing mechanisms are thought to be responsible: familial exposure, autoimmunity and environmental factors. Although no definite environmental agent has been identified, the environmental factors implicated include viruses, fleshiness, gestation and vague environmental agents6. Research findings have emphasized that lack of certain hint elements consequences in diabetes like conditions in experimental animate beings. The hint elements, the lack of which has been shown to ensue in diabetes like symptoms are chromium7,8, zinc9, manganes10,11 and copper12. As the lack of these hint minerals resulted in diabetes like symptoms and the supplementation of the peculiar hint component readily reversed the ascertained symptoms, it can be concluded, from such surveies, that lack of these hint elements adversely influences the synthesis, secernment or action of insulin. Merely as the hint elements have been shown to act upon the insulin, alterations in the concentration of insulin have besides been shown to act upon or to be associated with alterations in the concentrations of several hint metals in the blood, urine and other tissues. Changing degrees of go arounding endocrine may either change the distribution of hint elements in assorted cellular compartments, or may bring forth a displacement of the metals to the tissues which are non usually associated with these concentration of these elements or they may alter renal or hepatic handling of hint elements ensuing in increased urinary or faecal loss of the hint minerals, thereby bring forthing entire organic structure loss4. Surveies on â€Å" the consequence of diabetes mellitus on hint component metamorphosis † have largely been carried out in animate beings, experimental theoretical account for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Such surveies have revealed that experimental diabetes produces alternations in the absorption13, tissue distribution14, metabolism15 and excretion16 of hint elements. Metamorphosis of Zn, Cu and Fe is greatly influenced and the hormonal instability nowadays in insulin-dependent diabetes is said to be involved in altered hint metabolism14,15. Surveies on human existences are really limited and even the survey which have been carried out, has failed to see any relationship between urinary elimination of hint elements and serum insulin. If it is true that the hormonal instability nowadays in insulin-dependent diabetes is involved in changing hint component excretion16, so there may be a relationship between urinary elimination of hint elements and serum insulin. The present survey was hence, aimed to look into the serum insulin and urinary elimination of hint elements ( Fe, Cu and Zn ) in normal, insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in an effort to happen any correlativity between serum insulin and urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn. Study besides included the comparing of all these parametric quantities among diabetic and normal topics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients:70 human diabetics, including both males and females, on out-of-door intervention at assorted outpatient sections and at diabetic clinic, DHQ, Mirpur, AJ & A ; K, Peshawar were studied. Diabetic patients had fasting plasma glucose degree of more than 140 mg/dl or random blood glucose degree of more than 200 mg/dl on more than one juncture. Patients were divided into two groups depending on manner of intervention: Insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent. 20 normal healthy topics with no household history of diabetes were taken as controls. Both control and diabetic topics fulfilled the undermentioned standards: Their ages ranged from 25-60 old ages. They were normotensives, with normal nephritic maps and no albuminuria. None of these had open grounds of liver, enteric or endocrinal upset. Subjects holding steroids, or taking any vitamin or mineral supplementation were non included in the survey. Patients were asked to stop insulin for 24-48 hours and unwritten hypoglycaemic drugs for 5 yearss before roll uping the urine samples.Collection of blood samples:Blood was drawn from each patient and normal topic after 10-12 hours fast from an antecubital vena between 8.00-10.00 a.m. Serum was separated within one hr. Glucose appraisal was carried out immediately. Serum for insulin appraisal was stored at -20A °C boulder clay analysis.Collection of urine samples:24 hours urine samples were collected in 4-5 litre plastic containers, washed with 15 % HCl and rinsed thrice with deionized H2O. Each patient was provided with a labeled container and a bag in which to transport the container at his or her visit to the infirmary and at the same clip, the patient was asked to stop the intervention, and to get down urine aggregation after 5 yearss in instance of unwritten hypoglycaemic drugs and 24-48 hours, in instance the patient was taking insulin. On the twenty-four hours of blood tryin g container was collected and the patient was asked about figure of times he or she had missed invalidating into the aggregation container. Merely the urine aggregations reported as complete were used in the analysis. Immediately after aggregation, the volume of each specimen was recorded. 20 milliliter of each urine specimen was centrifuged for 10 proceedingss to take bacteriums, cells, dramatis personaes and other particulate stuffs. 15 milliliter of the supernatant was decanted in plastic bottles and stored at -20A °C boulder clay analysis. It was used for appraisal of Fe, Cu and Zn. 1ml of piss was used for sensing of proteins by chemical method utilizing sulfosalicylic acid. All the glass and plastic ware used were soaked in 15 % HCl overnight and so rinsed thrice with deionized H2O. Serum glucose was measured by glucose oxidase/peroxidase colorimetric method utilizing analytical kit ( Boehringer Manheim GmbH Diagnostica ) . Serum insulin was measured by RIA utilizing analytical kit provided by Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angles, USA. Urinary Fe was measured by method of Olson and Hamlim17, likewise as for serum. Urinary Cu and Zn were measured by method of Dawson et Al. ( Cited by Varley ) 18. Atomic soaking up spectrophotometer model3030-B Perkin Elmer Company, Norwalk was used for the three hint elements. Students paired't ‘ trial was used for statistical analysis.TABLE-1AGE, SEX AND WEIGHT OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND DIABETIC PATIENTS: The tabular array shows the age, sex and organic structure weight of normal and diabetic patients. The values are average A ± s. e. m. The entire figure of topics is given in parametric quantities. DIABETIC PATIENTS The patients enduring from diabetes were grouped harmonizing to the manner of intervention. The average serum values A ± s. e. m for glucose and insulin in different groups are given. Number of topics is given in parentheses.TABLE-3Fast SERUM IRON, COPPER AND ZINC IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND DIABETIC PATIENTS Serum Fe, Cu and Zn were measured by atomic soaking up spectrophotometery. Concentrations are expressed as mean values A ±s. e. m. Number of topics is given in parentheses. P & lt ; 0.001 = The Valuess are extremely important as compared to normal control topics.TABLE-4COMPARISON OF 24-HOUR URINE VOLUME, URINARY IRON, COPPER AND ZINC IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND DIABETIC PATIENTS The values are expressed as average A ± s. e. m. Number of topics is parentheses. P & lt ; 0.001 = Valuess are extremely important as compared to command topics.Consequence:Table 1 describes the ages, sex and weight of normal topics and diabetic patients. Age and organic structure weight of insulin-dependent diabetics showed no important difference. While in non-insulin-dependent diabetics it was higher ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) as compared to controls. Fasting serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin in normal topics and diabetic patients are shown in table 2. There is significance addition in serum glucose degrees in diabetic patients ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) and this addition is more pronounced in insulin-dependent diabetics as compared to non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Serum insulin is significantly increased in non-insulin-dependent diabetics ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) , while in insulin-dependent diabetics, the serum insulin is significantly decreased ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) as compared to normal controls. Table 3 describes the 24 hours urinary volume and elimination of Fe, Cu and zinc/24 hours in normal topics every bit good as diabetic patients. The consequences of this tabular array indicate that urine volume is significantly increased in diabetic patients as compared to normal topics ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) and this is significantly higher in insulin-dependent diabetics as compared to non-insulin-dependent diabetics ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) . 24 hours urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn is besides significantly increased in both the classs of diabetes ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) , with significantly more elimination in insulin-dependent diabetics ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) than non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Table 4 gives the urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn per millilitre, in normal and diabetic topics. The consequences indicate that urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn per millilitre is besides significantly increased in diabetics as compared to controls and once more this addition is significantly more pronounced in insulin-dependent diabetics than in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.Discussion:Marked alterations in hint component metamorphosis have been demonstrated in streptozotocin-diabetic rate14,15. Prolonged streptozotocin induced diabetes besides interferes, with normal form of bone mineralization19. Increased elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn has been reported in experimental diabetes in rates16. Surveies of triumph et al.20 provided direct grounds of influence of hormonal instability on hint metals. Our findings support and widen the old work. Zinc elimination among normal topics is 420.07A ±14.7 A µg/day and is in conformity with the by and large stated average Zn elimination of 300-600 A µg/day18. Similarly urinary elimination of Fe and Cu is besides within the normal international mention scope. Consequences besides demonstrate that diabetic status is associated with increased 24 hours urinary elimination of the three micronutrients zinc, Cu and Fe. Among the diabetics in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics average elimination was in surplus of 600 A µg/day. Similarly Fe and Cu elimination was besides significantly higher in both the insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics as compared to controls. Hyperzincuria has antecedently been reported in diabetic humans21.22.23.24. Although exact mechanism of increased urinary elimination has non been elucidated, assorted possible mechanisms have been proposed. Diabetic status consequences in increased glomerular filtration rate and it is suggested that such an change in nephritic map may lend to the increased urinary losingss of the hint elements16. But, the observation that addition in urine volume brought approximately by imbibing extra H2O did non change the entire urinary Zn elimination in non-diabetics21 would on the other manus indicate that the polyuria of diabetes may non be an of import determiner of Hyperzincuria or increased elimination of other hint elements in diabetes. This is farther supported by fact that when the concentrations were expressed per millilitre of piss, statistically important differences were still observed. Increased urinary loss of Fe Cu and Zn could be explained by increased dietetic consumption but urinary loss of Fe, Cu and Zn varies small with dietetic consumption because the predominant healthy excretory path in healthy adult male is the enteric piece of land. Increased urinary elimination reflects acute alterations in biologic stores25. No addition in urinary Zn has been seen when dietetic consumption is doubled in human topics. The surplus is eliminated via the feces24. The possibility of difference between diabetics and normal in their selective soaking up of hint elements in the intestine can non be ignored but information on this facet is non available. Pidduck et al.24 has proposed three possible mechanisms. It could be that Hyperzincuria or increased elimination of Fe and Cu indicates an abnormalcy of production or dislocation of metalloenzymes or metal-enzymes composites. It is possible that some portion of organic structure is bring forthing its ain metabolites with chelating belongingss, it could be the pancreas of the diabetic which is disorganized in the manner, suggested. Family surveies suggest a important heritability of urinary Zn elimination in 19 households. Some households be givening to be low urinary Zn excreters and others high. It would look possible that urinary elimination of Zn or perchance other hint elements is controlled by allelomorphs at a figure of venue and that diabetics possess a different mixture of allelomorphs to those possessed by non-diabetics. It is besides believed that increased elimination is chiefly of endogenous beginning for illustration, musculus breakdown16 or diabetic bone loss. However, the bone mineral loss in diabetics can merely account for less than 10 % of the diabetic hyperzincuria22. Urinary Zn losingss are specially increased during katabolic states26. Intense exercising may increase urinary losingss and it has been shown that exercising additions skeletal musculus protein dislocation and such phenomena could increase urinary Zn losses27. Zinc elimination is shown to increase under assortment of katabolic conditions and Zn is reported to be derived from skeletal musculus. Although the surveies have been carried out for Zn, the skeletal musculus protein breakdown my lead to increased, urinary elimination of Fe and Cu. Untreated diabetes may stand for a katabolic province and addition in skeletal musculus protein turnover and it is likely that urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn may be derived from skeletal musculus tissue. As none of the patients had albuminurias, the increased urinary losingss of these trace metals may possibly be due to altered hormone position seen in diabetes and non due to diabetic kidney disease. This decision is supported by fact that improved metabolic control in diabetic rats by insulin intervention resulted in significantly reduced elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn in the urine16 in diabetic worlds in the Restoration of normozincuria16. No relation could be found between serum insulin and day-to-day urinary elimination of Fe, Cu and Zn in either normal persons or diabetic patients. This may be due to the ground that endocrine relationships in uncontrolled diabetes become extremely complex because glucagon and glucocorticoids degrees are increased in response to insulin lack. Both of these are shown to act upon the serum or urinary degrees of hint elements. Other ground may be that the go arounding immunoreactive insulin in diabetics may non be active biologically. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes had significantly higher organic structure weight every bit compared to controls. Association between increased organic structure weight and no-insulin-dependent diabetes has antecedently been described26. Obesity is of much greater importance than either race or sex in the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes29. Therefore, a recommendation against going fleshy might be given. A sum of 25 patients ( 35.7 % ) out of 70 had a positive household history of diabetes. High per centum of patients holding positive household history of diabetes suggests a insouciant relationship of this factor with the disease. This survey may hold clinical and pathological deductions. If there is increased elimination of hint elements in diabetes, this may connote that when dietetic degrees are deficient, the patient ‘s tissues are depleted in favour of increased urinary elimination. In this instance, it is speculated that physiological degrees of these foods may be low and some of the pathological events seen in diabetics may be related to or partially explained by lack of these hint elements. For illustration, there is increased incidence of inborn deformities in diabetic pregnancy30 and lack of Cu and Zn has besides been reported to be associated with inborn malformations31. Copper lack is associated with impaired collagen synthesis and increased incidence of breaks. Increased incidence of self-generated breaks has besides been reported in diabetes19. But verification of cause and consequence relationship of these phenomena necessesitates farther surveies.

A narration of St Marys miracles

A narration of St Mary's miracles Religious storytelling was one form of popular religion used to teach commoners. Simple stories connected religious ideas to ordinary people, events, and objects that were relatable and also taught moral lessons in a way that commoners could understand, much like a Biblical parable. The content and intended purpose of the stories and lessons depended upon the intended audience as well as the teacher reaching out to that audience. Jacques de Vitry’s religious purpose of writing The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover differs from King Alfonso X’s political purpose of including Song 159 in The Cantigas de Santa Maria, but they are both able to accomplish their intended purposes by telling stories of miracles performed by Saint Mary and using the characters, their actions, and story outcomes to teach a moral lesson. Jacques de Vitry, a Christian priest and scholar, wrote The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover to teach lay people about moral living.[1] Because of the high cost of producing Bibles and high levels of illiteracy among commoners, many commoners â€Å"had a simple understanding of their faith† and religion.[2] Commoners depended on priests for biblical knowledge and instruction.[3] As a priest, de Vitry’s duty was to teach his parishioners, but he was also a scholar. He was challenged to the teach the people at a basic level that they could understand, a level of understanding more basic than his own. Stories about â€Å"saints’ lives reached a wide audience†, and clergy â€Å"encouraged the writing of vernacular poetry on biblical themes which could be recited publicly†.[4] Commoners were interested in listening to these stories, and the stories were memorable, easy to understand, and easily spread. De Vitry’s writing was able to fulfill his purpose by effectively reaching and teaching commoners. King Alfonso X of Castile and Leon compiled The Cantigas de Santa Maria, which contains Song 159, to praise the Virgin Mary and to unite his subjects. He was a Christian king and â€Å"a great patron of law, science, and the arts†.[5] Lyric poetry from Song 159 incorporated his value of art as well as Christian values— praise to the Virgin Mary. Popular saints like Saint Mary â€Å"could unite a country, bolstering its political order†.[6] King Alfonso could unite religious and political communities throughout his kingdom in their common belief and praise of the Saint Mary. Additionally, he could gain political support as king. Alfonso’s purpose for compiling these songs may have been personal but was more likely to promote himself politically. In The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover, pious (moral) attitudes and actions were encouraged through praise of approval and reward. The â€Å"pious matron came frequently to the church frequently and served God most devoutly, day and night†, and the monk was the â€Å"guardian and treasurer of the monastery, had a great reputation for piety, and truly he was devout†.[7] Through repeated acts of service, which demonstrated devotion and humility, the monk and matron both had positive reputations for being pious. Even after the scandal, their pious actions were rewarded. When they confessed their sins and prayed to the Virgin Mary, she was â€Å"overcome by their prayers [and] summoned the demons who had caused the deed† to â€Å"bring the infamy to an end†.[8] They were rewarded with the forgiveness of sins and a miracle from Mary, which saved their reputations as well as the reputation of all religious people. The people were taught that if they follo wed the examples of the pious matron and monk that they too would be looked on favorably, praised, and rewarded. Through disapproval and punishment, immoral attitudes and actions were discouraged. The devil temped the monk and matron with carnal love and caused them to steal possessions from other before abandoning their positions of treasurer and wife.[9] Their acts of service became acts of lust and selfishness. When the people they had wronged brought them back, they â€Å"threw them into prison. Moreover so great was the scandal throughout the whole country and so much were all religious persons reviled that the damage from the infamy and scandal was far greater than from the sin itself†.[10] In addition to the punishment of being thrown into jail, the monk and matron has to suffer the shame and guilt of tarnishing their reputation as well as the reputations of other religious people. The people were taught that if they followed the immoral examples of the scandalous matron and monk they too would be frowned upon, shunned, and punished. In Song 159, the pious actions and attitudes of the pilgrims are, like the monk and matron, recognized and rewarded as encouragement. The nine pilgrims â€Å"were going to Rocamador to pray simply and humbly as good Christians†.[11] By praying simple prayers in a humble manner and going on a pilgrimage, which is beyond essential practice, they are credited with the reputation of being â€Å"good Christians†.[12] When they again pray to the Virgin Mary to find the missing steak, she makes the steak miraculously hop inside the trunk where it had been hidden.[13] They find the steak in answer to their prayer and are rewarded with a spectacular miracle. The pilgrims were examples for the people to follow if they wanted favorable outcomes. The immoral actions and attitudes of the pilgrims were privately recognized, and although unpunished, they were still discouraged because they had the chance of being discovered by someone else. The narrator stated that the pilgrims asked Mary for their pious prayers to be heard, and as soon as they had finished their prayers, they hurried â€Å"back to the inn where they waited for dinner impatiently†.[14] The narrator discretely mocked the pilgrims by highlighting the irony of offering prayers of self â€Å"piety† to the pious Saint Mary and by noting their ability to be impatient in prayer and in waiting for their dinner. The pilgrims’ impatience was far from piousness. The idea of the narrator being able to see the pilgrims’ secret actions and attitudes, with or without them even knowing, was similar to the Christian belief of being unable to hide secrets from an all-knowing. The potential for a secret action or attitude to be discovered was almost as dangerous as if it had been discovered, and the risk would deter some people from immoral behavior. Jacques and Alfonso were both Christians in positions of authority, and they both used popular stories about the Virgin Mary to teach a moral lesson. They both encouraged behaviors that convey attitudes of obedience, servitude, and humility and discouraged behaviors that convey attitudes of disobedience, selfishness, and greed, but their motivations for teaching these lessons were different. Jacques was teaching people how to live as â€Å"good Christians† while encouraging praise for the Virgin Mary, but Alfonso was teaching people how to live as â€Å"good citizens† while encouraging praise for the Virgin Mary and ultimately himself. They teach morals lessons to their audiences, and they also demonstrate their personal morals through their purposes and motivations.

Is Journalism in Declineor Being Reinvented in a Better Form in the Essay

Is Journalism in Declineor Being Reinvented in a Better Form in the Digital Age - Essay Example Journalists normally are doing the first which is surveillance. They report whatever is happening around in the world. Online news sites are available in abundance and the users can get all kinds of information at any time. However, there are some who are â€Å"afraid† that they might come across scams and spam and, therefore, the huge amount of information available to us today proves to be very daunting. The second of Laswell’s functions comes into play here which is the correlation function since it is about responding to the environment. Digital reporters make sure to include depth and interpretation in their work in order that the normal regular news consumer may be able to make out whatever is going on. After the journalists find out the information they need to select the best one to investigate and then report. This is the last of Laswell’s function transmitting the social inheritance. Through this they are able to carry out communication regarding the va lues of the society and this can be done through multimedia and interactive presentations. Journalism in a Digital Age Better journalism can be achieved through better regulations and such is the case for digital age as well. These regulations are required in order for the elimination of all kinds of negative aspects. The basis of journalism is news production and distribution. The role of journalism in the society is that of an actor as well as an arena. It is the role of journalists to report the events taking place around the world and also bring out the wrongs going around. It is by means of journalism that it is made sure that the country is free. And now that the society has digitized to such a great extent the information is flowing around very rapidly, and here a journalist’s role is extremely important and critical (Artwick 6). Digital journalism basically means journalism that is originated from the internet. Individuals are getting the power of technological innova tion and are being able to spread the news and information to the masses. Through digital journalism it is possible to create a new media landscape that would be easily accessible to everyone. There is a wide difference between internet and broadcasting but TV and radio channels have been able to set up online activities immediately. Due to the fact that these medium have traditional content, they have led the multimedia services within the same framework like online newspapers. Besides, since they are able to use the novel technology and media without having to make heavy investments on new equipment, the broadcasters are becoming an interest as study objects. Advantages of Digital Journalism Journalism is definitely becoming better as there is more and more advancement in technology. Journalism is always recognized with newspapers and manual work where the journalists have to actually go to the scene and write and report news. With the digital age in progress it is difficult for s ome to imagine that journalism would be able to continue. However, such is definitely not the case. Digitalizing journalism is an option and a very good one at that. Like Marshall McLuhan said: â€Å"technology is turning the world into a global village†. One example is that of newspaper editors. They can actually utilize technology to its best and for their work. For example they can check out the camera viewfinder via the internet and thus advise their

Sports Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Sports Psychology - Essay Example The inches we need are everywhere around us. They are in every break of the game, every minute, every second. On this team, we fight for that inch. On this team, we tear ourselves, and everyone around us to pieces for that inch. We CLAW with our finger nails for that inch. Cause we know when we add up all those inches thats going to make the fucking difference between WINNING and LOSING between LIVING and DYING,† the character of Al Pacino in Any Given Sunday. Motivational speeches are necessary as any sports psychologist will tell you. Mental preparation allows athletes tap that extra strength that usually comes out when at the height of enthusiasm. That’s why you hear about people lifting cars to save someone or jumping at heights not even Michael Jordan could have one for a game winning shot. Sport psychology professionals use all devices to help an athlete get motivated such as imagery and, like Al Pacino, deliver a speech as if humanity’s existence depends on it. Psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John D. Dodson developed a hypothetical law that relates arousal with performance in 1908, based on biopsychology and neuroscience research. This is called the Inverted-U hypothesis. The theory says that as the arousal of an athlete increases, so does the performance. It will continue to increase until it reaches its peak. After that, if the arousal continues, the performance deteriorates. This hypothesis explains how the person’s arousal can affect its performance. It tells that a person’s performance can be maximized on a certain level of arousal. But the relationship between the level of performance and the level of arousal comes with the condition; both too low and too high level of arousal can produce low level or poor performance, while a moderate level of arousal can produce a high positive level of performance. This theory is illustrated on a diagram with two lines representing the arousal and the performance

The Impact of Terrorism on Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Impact of Terrorism on Liberty - Essay Example Yet, to be effective in the fight against terrorism, the terrorist must be well defined and the target needs to be focused. Terrorism is by its nature an act that feeds on the public's fear of violence more than it relies on the violence itself. To confront these fears we react in numerous ways to diminish the possibility of a senseless and unwarranted attack on our population. In a free society, we leave ourselves open to be penetrated and we remain perpetually at risk. Our freedom of movement, loose borders, and laws guaranteeing individual liberty place a heavy burden on the organizations the public expects to protect them from a surprise attack. To reduce the terrorist threat, it becomes necessary to erode the liberties that the same organizations are sworn to protect. This dilemma manifests itself in a debate over this tradeoff as liberty is sacrificed for security. At what point does the security become more troublesome than the fear Is the security worth the cost To sufficiently analyze the debate that surrounds this question, it is first necessary to frame the question with a well-focused definit ion of terrorism. The objectives of the terrorist must be considered as well as their motivation. ... The importance of the debate can not be overstated. The founding principles that reside in the Constitution of the United States are at stake. Freedom of speech, association, and movement become at risk as laws are enacted which silently chill the document's intentions. This slow creep into heightened security does not repeal, but rather steps on and renders meaningless the 4th Amendment. The debate is a high stakes debate and one we can not afford to get wrong. It is generally accepted that the public wants universal freedom as guaranteed by the Constitution. It is also understood that the public requires security and is willing to compromise their liberty when necessary in extreme and demanding circumstances. Determining the point that additional security is no longer worth the loss of liberty is an arduous task that is of great concern to everyone. Getting it wrong could mean the meaningless and unnecessary loss of lives or liberty. The necessary information to analyze the debate that surrounds this issue comes from a consensus viewpoint of government and international agencies as it pertains to the definition of terrorism. A recent study from the University of Chicago and other relevant academic works will be used to define the motivation of terrorism. Laws such as the Patriot Act and Homeland Security Act will be analyzed to grasp their reach. The viewpoints of the Department of Defense, Department of Justice, and State Department will be considered as well as credible opposing viewpoints. A realistic assessment that the increase in security has had on the daily lives of Americans will be considered as well as the implications it has on the future. An attempt will be made to separate the reality from the political rhetoric as the question is

1.What role did the industrial revolution play in reshaping recreation Essay

1.What role did the industrial revolution play in reshaping recreation and sports - Essay Example Professional sports men are earning their living from participating in sports. For example, football and athletics are among the highly profitable and commoditized sports. Some sporting activities are costly such as car racing. People from all over the world come together in sports either as spectators or players. It has helped in enhancing interaction between people from various cultural backgrounds. Recreation on the other hand is a practice whereby people engage in activities in which they derive pleasure. It provides an important opportunity for people to engage in activities away from the monotonous day to day engagements. People usually engage in adventurous activities such as visiting parks, mountain climbing or entertainment such as watching sports, dances and creative performances and many other activities that are refreshing. Most of these activities have also become an income source for service providers. For example, entertainment centers charge a price for using the facility, which may be a swimming pool or dance halls. Adventurous activities such as visiting parks are also paid for. Developments in sports have been continuous since the industrial revolution that had a great impact on sports and recreation. This paper is a critique of the role of that the industrial revolution played in reshaping recreation and sports. Before the industrial revolution, sports were not advanced as they are in the contemporary situation. Charles (1998) observes that people remained calm during their free time, drinking ale, dancing and other village based games and sun bathing before the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution brought to a stop the long-standing practices as people began getting involved in industrial activities that were highly demanding. Industries were developed and the calm environment and fresh air were filled with smoke and

Assimilation and Multicultural in bilingual education within the Research Paper

Assimilation and Multicultural in bilingual education within the sociopolitical context - Research Paper Example The world is fast becoming a global melting point of people from different cultural, ethical, religious and social backgrounds. Cities around the world are becoming more and more cosmopolitan as the effect of globalization, industrialization, trade; commerce and immigration are being realized. The unprecedented increase in diversity especially in the first world countries has called for tolerance and coexistence. Indeed there has been a raging debate with two contrary opinions on dealing with this issue of diversity. Some people see the assimilation of smaller ethnic groups as a way of creating uniformity and cohesiveness. This is especially an issue in the USA where diversity is perhaps the most widespread. Proponents backing this ideology of assimilation are of the view that smaller ethnic minorities should be encouraged to adopt the dominant culture, in this the White culture, for the sake of national unity and cohesiveness. However opponents of the idea of assimilation foster ano ther ideology. The idea of multiculturalism is widely supported by almost all ethnic groups that argue that assimilation will put their different cultures at risk of erosion that may eventually lead to extinction. Some provisions have been made in the education system to embrace this diversity and possibly preserve the different cultures of all these communities. Schools therefore have become fundamental in trying to foster tolerance, understanding and coexistence in the society. Assimilation is commonly defined as the ideological stand that members of a different ethnic community should give up their heritage culture and adopt a more â€Å"American† way of life.... Indeed this view widely held especially amongst the White working class families who view other communities as ‘outsiders’. Recently in Europe, leaders have taken stands in support of assimilation as the best way to realize unity. German Chancellor Angel Merkel was quoted in 2010 as saying â€Å"This multicultural approach has failed, utterly failed.†British Prime Minister David Cameron also lent his support to the assimilation agenda by saying that multiculturalism should be faulted, as it is responsible for the ‘weakening of national identity’. Perhaps this issue is not as divisive and controversial in Europe as an American. The diversity of American society has elicited very many different opinions on the cultural issue with both intra and inter-groups opinions also tending to differ. Multiculturalism refers to an ideology held by some people that these small ethnic minority groups should not only be allowed to maintain their culture but also to pr omote it in the spirit of coexistence and tolerance. Multiculturalism challenges and rejects racism and other forms of discrimination in schools and society, and accepts and affirms pluralism (Micro, 1992). Supporters are adamant with the reasoning that multiculturalism promotes multicultural tolerance and conserve each group’s contribution (Glazer, Moyniham 1970 Greely 1974, Novak 1972). Those who oppose multiculturalism point to the potential that this could have on negatively diversifying the society and create language barriers. Many pundits and interested parties have moved more towards the revival of multiculturalism as they see it as not only a solution for creating

Ansoff versus Three Generic Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ansoff versus Three Generic Strategies - Essay Example What is also important to understand that Porter also suggested three important strategies which can be used in order to successfully deal with five forces. Though Porter’s Generic strategies as well as the Five Forces model is considered effective however, there are also other alternative models outlining as to how a firm can successfully deal with the competition and make strategic decisions. One such model is the Ansoff’s Matrix which is also called the Product Market Expansion Grid. Developed in 1975, this matrix largely depends upon the product as well as the industry in which a firm operates and resultantly offers different choices to a firm in order to deal with different strategic challenges. Ansoff’s Matrix suggests four important strategic alternatives available to a firm to successfully operate under a given competitive scenario. These strategies include market penetration, product development, Market Development as well as diversification. This paper will attempt to first explain and explore Five Forces Model along with three generic strategies as suggested by Porter to successfully outperform other firms in the industry. Finally a comparison will be made between three strategies and the Ansoff’s Matrix to strategic development.... These are some of the key factors which need to be looked at in order to critically assess as to how the suppliers may have an impact on the firm. This is also critical owing to the fact that reliance on one supplier or few suppliers may geoperadize the overall position of a firm within an industry and therefore it is critical for a firm to assess this power in more critical manner. Buyers’ Power Buyers’ Power is also critical in the sense that it directly defines as to how the demand dynamics of the firm will behave if buyers have relatively superior bargaining power. This factor becomes more critical if the firm is involved in the B2B type of business with large buyers forming stronger clout. Factors such as brand identity, sensitivity towards price changes, threat of backward integration as well as the availability of substitutes can really define as to how buyers may have an impact on the firm. Threat of New Entrants When an industry is profitable and the prospects of earning profitability are sizeable, new firms tend to enter into the market in order to share the gains. Thus the overall threat of new entrants is considered as significant for any firm working in any industry. Factors such as barriers to entry, cost advantages as well as economies of scale and stronger brands are some of the factors which can allow a firm to successfully meet the threat of new entrants in the market. It is also important for a firm to critically assess this possibility and develop its competitive advantage and core competencies so that it can successfully withstand the challenges posed by the new firms. Threat of Substitutes Threat of substitutes can also be an important force which can result into significant strategic challenges for a firm. Threat of substitutes

Pain Perception Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pain Perception - Article Example ( MedicineNet.com) The physical pain is due to stimulation of nerves. Price also comes to that point later in this article. In fact he tries to explain the intricacies of brain and the nervous system in relaying the feeling of pain. He calls it a serial interaction. But according to him, the feeling or sensation of pain is the foremost factor. He says that this sensation is 'more intense than other type of somatic sensations'. He gives certain characteristics of pain as - slow adaptation, temporal summation, spatial spread, spatial summation and unique sensory qualities. This can be understood by the different words used to describe pain like burning sensation or stinging or aching. He reiterates pain as a neural and psychological process. Then he proceeds to explain the intricacies of both these processes. The effect of pain gets contributions from other sensory processes that may be nociceptive, exteroceptive and interoceptive. He says that there are many ascending pathways to several brainstem and cortical regions. Some of them project directly to brainstem and limbic system arenas from the spinal cord dorsal horn. Individual neurons many times project in multiple pathways. These pathways relay nociceptive information to somatosensory cortices. Since the cortices are physically linked with cortico-limbic pathway, it is connected to other somatosensory input like seeing and hearing. This pathway converges with the same structure that is accessed by ascending spinal pathways. Due to this dual convergence, multiple neural sources can contribute to pain perception. According to Cass Barnes, pain is a matter of both mind and body. There is a controversy on this point on how much is it dependent on the mind and how much on brain. Brain forms the physical or the 'body' part of pain where as mind forms the psychological part of pain. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience'. This definition makes pain like any other perception like sight or hearing. Cass explains that pain is processed in the brain and creates the perception of pain. This is in accordance with Price who also explains the processing of pain in the brain in great details. Cass cites a study done in 1997 where perception of pain was measured by PET scan. Pain was induced in the subjects by putting their hands in ice cold water. The same was done where the subjects were hypnotized. PET scan results showed less pain in hypnotized state. The somatosensory cortex was highly activated in the hypnotized subjects that show perception of pain but the anterior cingulated cortex were less active in hypnotized subjects, showing less aversion to pain. Price also confirms that pain sensation and pain unpleasantness are two different things and the intensity is affected by various psychological factors. He also cites the example of comparative perception of pain when the subjects are hypnotized. He comes to the conclusion that some psychological factors have selective influence on pain unpleasantness and some of them can alter pain unpleasantness as there is a ch ange in the pain sensation. Thus the psychological factors have a very important role in pain and pain perception. Then he explains the secondary pain affect. It has a more projected implication that is related to its future implications. The relation between pain unpleasantne

Religion and Identity Essay Example for Free

Religion and Identity Essay The question often arrived what is religion? There are more than one answer to this depending on one’s culture, identity, ethics and beliefs. Religion can be found in different cultures and throughout the whole period of human history. There is evidence that shows signs of religion such as animal spirits in art and human burials that suggest the belief in life after death. There have been many different answers and definition to what religion is (Van Voorst, 2013). According to Robert E. Van Voorst (2013), religion is â€Å"Pattern of beliefs and practices that expresses and enacts what a community regards as sacred and/or ultimate about life (pg.5). In addition to that, there is the separation of church and state. In America, the right to freedom of religion is very central to the American democracy that it was preserved in the First Amendment to the Constitution along with other rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of press. The country’s founders restrict the separation of church and state. This is due to the prohibition against government regulation or endorsement of religion. According to American Civil Liberties Union of Florida (2012), the standard of separation has been regularly tested. In early America, even after church establishment ended, some state legislators sought to revive the compulsory taxation of citizens to support religious institutions. In this century, public schools were once required to teach the biblical version of the earths and humanitys creation, while the scientific theory of evolution was prohibited. Throughout our history, sectarian advocates have tried to inject religious exercises, such as daily prayer, into the public schools. At times, religious minorities, including members of cults, have been discriminated against because of their beliefs. And today, many citizens in many communities disagree about whether a model of the infant Jesus in the manger, which officially promotes certain religious beliefs over others, should be displayed on the steps of City Hall. The courts must frequently consider where to draw the line that separates church and state ( ¶5). Religion is one of our most critical tradition and constitutional rights and must stand against anything that would challenge the standard of separation, which protects that freedom. Reid Temple African Methodist Episcopal Church was the group that I visited. Though it is not my own religious practice, it qualifies as a religion. Driving up to the church there is a sign that has the name of the church boldly written in LED lights. The welcome message display in red across the board says â€Å"All Are Welcome†. Inside of Reid Temple church they have a Cross as their symbol posted high where all can see. The service was nice with the choir singing praises to God and special prayer request were taken. After the service, I spoke with the Senior Pastor about his church and what exactly do they believe in. I was informed that their slogan is â€Å"Aiming to Please through the 5 E’s. This came from II Corinthians 5:9 which states â€Å"So whether at home or away, we make our aim to please Him. (RSV). The 5 E’s were described to me as â€Å"Evangelism which is sowing the seed of God’s Word in the hearts of all people. Empowerment which is bestowing love and guidance on believers to disciple them in fulfilling their purpose. Education which is knowing the will of God through study and obedience of His Word. Economics which is flowing in financial prosperity according to God’s wealth principles and Expansion which is growing in all ministry areas to reach the growing harvest of souls† ( Washington, L. Personal interview January 13, 2013). The cross is a reminder of their pledge and it also reminds them that Jesus died for their sins and to Him all praise is given. Buddhism also has a symbol such as the Dharmachakra which is the wheel of the law. The eight spokes on the wheel represents the eightfold path. The wheel is one of the most important Buddhist symbols because it symbolizes the teachings of Buddha. According to Thames Hudson (2004), The wheels motion is a metaphor for the rapid spiritual change engendered by the teachings of the Buddha: the Buddhas first discourse at the Deer Park in Sarnath is known as the first turning of the wheel of dharma. His subsequent discourses at Rajgir and Shravasti are known as the second and third turnings of the wheel of dharma. The eight spokes of the wheel symbolize the Noble Eightfold Path set out by the Buddha in his teachings. The wheel also represents the endless cycle of samsara, or rebirth, which can only be escaped by means of the Buddhas teachings. And some Buddhists regard the the wheels three basic parts as symbols of the three trainings in Buddhist practice: The hub symbolizes moral discipline, which stabilizes the mind. The spokes (usually there are eight) represent wisdom which is applied to defeat ignorance. The rim represents training in concentration, which holds everything else together ( ¶ 2 3). In the early days, the Dharmachakra not only symbolizes the teaching of Buddha but also Buddha himself. Today, it appears in the art of every Buddhist culture (para 5). Practicing religion can shape an individual and group identity. Take Buddhism for example that is followed by many Indians. This religion practices the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The Four Noble Truths teaches that: 1. All life is suffering- this suggests that all beings experience suffering and that it can be ranged from great physical and mental pain to mild emotional unhappiness. Suffering originates from anger and sadness but then happiness is also suffering because it comes and goes. 2. The cause of suffering is desire- This suggests that humans want what they do not have and should not have. Humans’ personal desire for happiness is the cause of the suffering. 3. To end desire is to end suffering -which suggests that putting all craving and personal desires to an end will therefore end the suffering. This breaks the negative karma which leads to the 4th Noble Truth 4. To end desire- one must follow the Noble Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path is : 1. The right to understanding which ends the concept of what one think is reality and see reality as it is. 2. The right to intention is where people must want to change before they can actually be change. 3. The right to speech which is speaking the truth at all times. 4. The right to conduct which means no killing, stealing, drinking, intoxicants and being sexual. 5. The right to livelihood which is working and living a life that does not cause others harm. 6. The right to effort which is developing a conscious free from craving. 7. The right to mindfulness which is to be aware and mindful and 8. The right to contemplation which is the deepening of mindfulness that leads to concentration and insight may be obtained (Van Voorst,2013). Practicing the Four Noble Truths and The Eightfold Path teaches and shape the followers of Buddhism. It is a way of life for them which teach them to take time to find out who they are and what they are all about. It is a guideline to ethical and menta l development. Shinto culture is another example of how practicing religion and shape individuals or groups. The people of Japan practices Shinto and is rooted in the people there and their traditions. The Shinto gods that are called kami are sacred spirits. These spirits can take form in things such as wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers and fertility. Shinto religion believes that when a human dies they become a kami and is given back to their families and ancestral kami. There not a right from wrong in Shinto and their faith is based on being optimistic. The Shinto faith is blended with other beliefs such as that of Buddhism and Daoism. It does not have a founder, written documents, formalized ethics, system of beliefs, scripture or an organized system of theology but with the blend of Buddhism and Daoism, the Japanese culture now have a system of beliefs, written documents, founder, ethics and all that it was lacked before. It is still a central religion of Japan (Carroll, 2012). Shinto grounds are very sacred and behavior must be proper at all times. There are no food or drink allowed and there must be silence or hushed voices. Purity is important in Shinto and there is a certain procedure in washing your hands on mouth. Purity is important in pleasing the kami which brings a happy life. Van Voorst wrote that â€Å"Cleanliness in particular signifies a good character and freedom from bad external influences. In Western societies one hears the proverb â€Å"Cleanliness is next to godliness.† In traditional Japanese society cleanliness—of body, mind, and spirit, both ritual and practical—is godliness. To be in harmony with the kami, one must keep one’s person, home, and business clean† (pg 198). Religion has always been connected with government and politics. The Western world has a history of influence from Catholicism and Protestant rift. It is very similar to the history of some parts of Southern Asia that have been influenced by Islam. The interconnection of both religion and government is to be expected because both are regulating social behavior. During the past century, religion has been less influential. Modern governments have been influenced by Democratic philosophy which put importance of the average man and a sharing of the world’s resources. These ideas continue to shape modern society in different ways. For example, technology has drastically changed the nature of life and work. Traditional religious systems are gradually becoming less important. The trend towards secularism continues but has not been nearly as pronounced in the United States and regular church attendance started to decrease in the 1960’s and early 1970’s. It increased again post World War II period. There is only a small majority of Americans who thinks religion is of any importance in their lives (Federal Funding of Faith-Based Services, 2011). Many people know what religion is until they are asked to define it. Religion is a worldly thing, across many boundaries in human experience and so that makes it a bit hard to define. There are a few different definition of religion and many have different religious experience and understanding of Ultimate Reality. At Reid Temple, I asked the lady sitting next to me if she could tell what Ultimate Reality means. She said to her Ultimate Reality meant a personal relationship with God. In a different culture Ultimate Reality could mean spiritual growth or spiritual path. Not everyone is all about religion though. There are some cultures who prefer that their beliefs not to be subject as a religion but as a faith or teaching. There are some who argue that they are not religious but they are spiritual. References American Civil Liberties Union of Florida. (2012). Church and state. Retrieved from http://www.aclufl.org/take_action/download_resources/info_papers/3.cfm Carroll,B.J. (2012). Shinto basics. Retrieved from http://www.world-religions-professor.com/shinto.html Federal Funding of Faith-Based Services. (2011). Religion and public policy. Retrieved from http://www.newsbatch.com/religion.htm Thames Hudson. (2004). Reading Buddhist Art: an illustrated guide to Buddhist signs and Symbols. Retrieved from http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/symbols/wheel.htm Van Voorst, R.E. (2013). World relg. Student edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. USA Washington, L.P. (2013). Reid Temple Senior Pastor. Personal Interview January 13, 2013.

Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay The intricate nexus of marriage, money and love in Jane Austens society is unfolded through the development of plots and characters of her novel Pride and Prejudice. In the nineteenth centurys rural England, marriage was a womans chief aim, both financially and socially. Financially because of womens dependent position marriage was the only honourable position, infinitely preferable to the dependence of precarious shabby-genteel spinsterhood. Money was, therefore, a very significant aspect of Austens society, especially when marriage was concerned. A single man of large fortune was naturally considered as a nice thing for the unmarried girls. Partners were chosen for what might now seem unemotional reasons: fortune and connections, similar to, but preferably better than ones own. By representing a series of marriages, Austen in this novel unearths and elucidates different aspects of the role of marriage, money and love in her society. Austen was a realist and painted her time as they were. In this novel, love and money-based Darcy-Elizabeth marriage is the most successful one whereas the marriage of Elizabeths parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, is one of the faulty ones. Mr. Bennet married his wife being captivated and tempted by her youth, beauty and physical appearance. He forgot that the first appeal of a pretty face does not last long unless serenity of mind and sweetness of temper provide more enduring powers of attraction. Moreover, Mrs. Bennet inherited no property. So, form every point of view, this marriage is a failure. Mr. Bennet, therefore, always has to endure her weak understanding, vulgarity to such and extreme degree that he has nothing to revel in except confining himself to his library all the day, and thus eluding the necessary rituals of family and society. Charlottes loveless matrimony for financial security with the pompous Collins is another interesting marriage. Being twenty-seven and plain looking and realizing that it is her last chance, she accepts the grotesque Mr. Collins, to whom the role of romance and love in life is beyond the reach. He only wants a wife, because in the eyes of the society it is time for him to settle and be married. Charlotte knows that apart from some kind of security and happiness, marriage gives a woman a position. She has few hopes of happiness in marriage beyond the material comfort it can give and so she marries Collins who is inferior in intelligence, only for the home and position he offers, as she believes Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. The marriage and money theme operates in a baffling way when Elizabeth herself comes to marry. When she sees Pemberly, her prejudice against Darcy begins to be subdued and later by accepting him she makes the most glorious match of and of Austens heroines. The fact that Darcy has then thousand pounds a year is not to be ignored; it emphasizes the perfect adjustment between personal and social ambition achieved by Elizabeth. [Actually Jane Austen understood better than any other of her contemporary English novelists the degree to which social and personal behaviors and even emotion depend on the economic framework of the society.] Moreover, in her marriage with Darcy, affection and understanding, financial security and social engagement are juxtaposed. But to achieve all these material things she has never turned herself into a husband-hunting butterfly despite her mothers inducement. Although she is aware of the fact that in her society a senile spinster, without any fortune, is faced with the prospect of a bleak future full of deprivation and humiliation, still she is the bold heroine who at first showed courage to refuse two marriage proposals. To Austen, sexuality was far less vital to relationships than its counterpart, affection. Therefore, Lydias ex-based marriage with the seductive but penniless Wickham later turns out to be an unsuccessful ones. Wickhams plausible appearance even overwhelmed Elizabeth once. His former interest in Miss King and her â‚ ¤ 10,000 dowry alludes to the role of money in marriage. He only takes Lydia to London only for physical enjoyment. As a consequence, their marriage ends in his going to enjoy himself in London and Lydias patent failure in managing her household financially despite Darcy and Elizabeths continuous help. The Bingley-Jane marriage is another example of good marriage, like the Darcy- Elizabeth marriage, where mutual understanding, romance and financial  stability are combined. Their affection-based marriage works as both are perfectly amiable, modest and gentle. The established marriage of the Gardiners is too shadowy to have a dramatic role. We are only dimly aware of it as a satisfactory relationship between two apparently similar type of persons. In Pride and Prejudice we experience different marriages in the light of one another. Austen presents all the material for an al-round understanding and view: Jane and Elizabeth, combing love and marriage, Charlotte marries for safety, Lydia repenting at leisure. The married couples are equally varied, from well-matched like the Gardiners to ill-suited like the Bennets. The novel says in effect that the real object of love and marriage is not only financial security or physical passion or romance, but also the self-development that true relationships bring about. A marriage can only become an institution when it provides for the fulfillment of both men and womens aspirations, sanctified by love and validated by prudence that both Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Collins can live on, the former drinking deep draughts of lifes fullness, the later continuing to sip its littleness. The richness of Pride and Prejudice lies in that exploration of life and marriage by Jane Austen.

Ways To Land Your Dream Job

Ways To Land Your Dream Job Finding your first job out of college is an exciting and sometimes intimidating process. On the one hand, your future depends on it! As you grow your needs and wants grow too, which put pressure on you to find that perfect job. On the other hand, todays world is much different from that of your parents generation. Its difficult to find a good job in this competitive age. However, that certainly doesnt mean there are fewer jobs available. There are trillions of job opportunities out there and you know that there are some in which no ones CV fits better than yours! But the only problem is that you dont know how to find that perfect job for yourself. Finding it can be downright impossible at times. Lets see how we can find that dream job. Know what youre looking for. If you havent yet identified your job target, what are you waiting for? Now is the time to do so! Only majoring or educating yourself in a particular subject does not decide what job you are going to do in the future. A major in social sciences can end up doing totally different jobs, say for example work in an NGO, or teach at a school! Similarly a business manager can deal with totally opposite operations too. So it is vital to know what are you looking for? What is it that you actually want to do? Research! Finding your ideal job takes effort. Its not enough to simply post your resume, job application, and cover letter to one company and wait for the employer to call you up. If you want to find the best job, you need to engage all your resources. Research the types of companies you want to work for and find out as much about them as possible. With internet at our disposal, research is not a big deal; however, dont limit yourself to searching on the net. Look in the local newspapers too and highlight the seemingly good companies and try them out too. Look up for a job on daily basis. There might be days when youll find nothing in the newspaper, but dont stop checking out the newspaper. You never know the day you miss to check it out, you loose on a great job. Also, if you are the first to apply, chances are the company might end up hiring you because sometimes companies are in dire need of employees and want to hire someone immediately. Use your contacts! Its okay to use your contacts to find a job. Whats wrong is that you use them unfairly! If your uncle works at a company, you can ask him to find if there is any vacancy and if the work is interesting. Finding work through contacts is relatively good because friends, relatives and acquaintances will probably always recommend something good! So why not go for it! Always be aware of job openings. You can register at different websites to get emails and newsletters that will inform you first which jobs are open and what are the vacancies. There are numerous websites that you can subscribe to for free and they will send you an alert every time there is a vacancy. You wont always hit the jackpot! Dont expect a call from everywhere you apply. Thats just wrong and doesnt happen usually! Also, if you get a call from a well reputed company chances are that they appoint you at a small position, dont get disheartened! Work hard and you will get promoted very soon. Always remember that an entry is very important and is the first step towards your ultimate goal. Choose carefully! While its tempting to accept the first offer you receive, consider it carefully. You dont want to be stuck in a job you hate. If possible, stay in your first job for at least a couple of years to demonstrate your dependability and to gain useful skills. Whether you move up in the company or change is up to you and your options; however, the first job is very important in your entire career. When you get the job. Once you have the job, first congratulate yourself! Then, do the best work you can. When done well, your first job can be the foundation upon which you build a successful and enjoyable career. Once you get the job, its as difficult to sustain it. Finding the job is only half of the equation of the sum! For most positions there is a lot of competition. You have to stand out! So, heres how to do that! Be efficient! Always be efficient at work, for that consume coffee, sleep early at night or do whatever that makes you feel awake! Its easy to sleep during lectures but if you boss catches you sleeping in your cabin, then you are dead! Try to be helpful towards coworkers and dont indulge in office politics. I know girls cant help hearing and being a part of office gossip, but that might get you in trouble so dont do it! If someone starts a conversation that sounds like gossip, dont say anything! Just listen, nod and forget it! Communication skills. Improve your communication skills because every job requires that! Good communication skills are a great plus point and you can afford to lack that. Work on them and make sure you are polite yet convincing with coworkers at the workplace. Dress well. Always dress professionally at work. No one wants to see your sense of fashion over there, your professional skills are more important! They will be noticed so work on them. Its important to dress according to the environment of your workplace, if people at your office dress casually, you can dress casually too. However, dont dress casually if everyones formal! Its not a good idea to look unique! Believe in your strengths. Rather than crying over your weaknesses, try to believe in your strengths and overcome your weaknesses. Also, dont make your weaknesses prominent instead hide them from the employer especially. Try to adopt a behavior by which you can show your strengths to the world. Confidence! Confidence is the key element in achieving anything, be it a job or anything. So, have confidence in yourself! Every company wants to hire an employee who is confident. Working as a professional is very different than studying. During college and school you can hide behind your friends or classmates and not face the teacher to answer, but at work you cant hide from the boss! The only way to solve this problem is being confident and facing challenges! Still reading? What for? Go and search for the perfect job, with these tips no one can stop you from getting it! Good luck!

Pride And Prejudice :: essays research papers

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice takes place in England during the 18th century, with an evident main them of courtship and marriage. The Bennet family consists of Jane, the eldest daughter, followed by Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, and Lydia. Being girls, they will not benefit from their father’s will which leads to their mother’s obsession over finding husbands for them. Eventually in the end of the novel, everyone is settled and married, however Bingley and Jane, and Darcy and Elizabeth have comfortable futures to look forward to. Similar to other novels written by Jane Austen, the main theme is courtship and marriage. On a smaller scale, this novel also refers to the reality behind appearances and "truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.† (p.1) Out of the seven marriages throughout the novel, three would inevitably end in failure and two are a success. With Mr. Collins and Charlotte Lucas, their marriage is based on economics. Charlotte sacrifices her own happiness for financial security. In the case of Whickham and Lydia, only superficial qualities are considered which in time would separate them. Another example of a marriage like Whickam and Lydia’s is the marriage between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. As for Jane and the Elizabeth, their marriages are based on calm judgement and are well considered with mutual feelings. Throughout the novel, many of the characters are deceived by appearances, although they become dearer near th e end. In this time frame, women view that men have responsibilities to society. Being unable to provide for themselves because of their ignorance in areas of business or commerce, men would ensure financial stability. Another aspect of Jane Austen’s writing is her use of dialogue. It reflects when less of the physical appearances were used, but more of the inner qualities were displayed, during her time period. Austen is interested in where people stand in society and their engagements in dialogue. Often, through dialogue, her characters are developed. With Austen’s main focus being conversation, much of her work must be able to relate parts of the novel together, interpret clues, and notice tone and meaning. I believe that the main characters of this novel are Darcy and Elizabeth. Referring to the title â€Å"pride† would represent Darcy and â€Å"prejudice† would represent Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s â€Å"propensity to hate everybody† (p.51) and vanity leads to her prejudice.